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Nursing of mink in nest boxes insulated with different materials

100%
Felska-Blaszczyk L., Lawrow N.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica
|
2022
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tom 21
|
nr 3
2

Nest box use for winter roosting within a flock of tits

100%
Typiak J. A., Typiak M. J., Mazgajski T. D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2019
|
tom 67
|
nr 2
3

Morphology reveals the unexpected cryptic diversity in Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank, 1803) infested Cyanistes caeruleus Linnaeus, 1758 nest boxes

84%
Pawelczyk O., Postawa T., Blaski M., Solarz K.
Acta Parasitologica
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2020
|
tom 65
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nr 4
4

Nest site preference of forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula (Pallas) in the north-western corner of the distribution range

84%
Juskaitis R., Balciauskas L., Siozinyte V.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2012
|
tom 60
|
nr 4
Lithuania is situated in the very north-western corner of the large distribution range of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula and it might be considered that dormouse habitats should be both different and sub-optimal in this area in comparison to central parts of the range. The aims of the present study were to analyse which vegetation parameters determine nest site preference of D. nitedula and to compare these with nest site preferences of other dormouse species. The population of D. nitedula was studied from 2001 to 2011 using nestboxes set up in a grid system, with regular control of the nestboxes and ringing of dormice captured. During entire study period, 97 individuals were marked with rings and the total number of dormouse captures was 440. Vegetation parameters (the composition of the overstorey and understorey, the numbers and cover of different tree and shrub species, absence of vegetation etc.) were evaluated quantitatively in areas of 2500 m2 around 58 nestboxes at this study site. During the period 2001–2002, the abundance of D. nitedula was relatively high, with the dormice using the entire area of the study site, showing a preference for nest sites with a more diverse overstorey and understorey. However, no significant correlations were found between indices of nestbox use and other vegetation parameters in this period. During the period 2003–2011, when the dormouse abundance was lower but stable, dormice used only part of the study site area, in this preferring nest sites with a better developed and diverse understorey (especially with young rowan, lime and aspen trees), with more abundant mature oak, lime and black alder trees and a higher percentage of raspberry and bramble cover, as well as overgrown clearings. D. nitedula avoided nest sites with higher total number of mature trees (especially Scotch pine and Norway spruce), as well as areas with higher percentage of bilberry cover and open areas (rides, presence of stumps). In general, a well-developed and diverse understorey was the main habitat component which determined nest site preference of D. nitedula in the very northwestern corner of its range. Thus, D. nitedula retains its main habitat requirement which is characteristic also for other parts of its large range. Vegetation parameters determining nest site preference of D. nitedula are rather similar to nest site preference of the common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius. However, D. nitedula may live in less rich habitats probably because their diet includes more food of animal origin.
5

The use of dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius nest boxes by two species of Apodemus in Britain

84%
Marsh A. C. W., Morris P. A.
Acta Theriologica
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2000
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tom 45
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nr 4
The occupancy of Muscardinus auellanarius (Linnaeus, 1758) nest boxes by Apo­demus flauicollis (Melchior, 1834) and A. sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) was studied over a six-year period from five sites in southern Britain. A. flauicollis was a regular visitor to nest boxes, occupying them more frequently than A, sylvalicus or any other small mammal. Litters of A. flauicollis were uncommon in nest boxes suggesting these boxes were rarely used for breeding. It seems likely that nest boxes form temporary nesting places for individuals, pairs or small communal groups. A. flauicollis sometimes take over nest hoxes occupied by M. avellanarius, usually constructing their own nests and sometimes removing old nest material. M. avellanarius may avoid nest boxes occupied by A. flauicollis earlier in the same year. Boxes favoured by M. auellanarius in one year tended to be reselected by them in the following year, but no such trend was apparent in box selection by A. flauicollis. Overall, there was little evidence to suggest that the presence of A. flauicollis had a significant impact on M. avellanarius occupancy of nest boxes.
6

The influence of high nestbox density on the common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius population

84%
Juskaitis R.
Acta Theriologica
|
2005
|
tom 50
|
nr 1
The response of common dormouseMuscardinus avellanarius Linnaeus, 1758 population to availability of nest sites was studied by manipulating the nestbox grid and ring-marking dormice. Abundance of adult dormice more than doubled in the 25 × 25 m nestbox grid in comparison to the 50 × 50 m grid, as a result of increased nestbox density from four to 16 boxes/ha. This effect already became apparent in the first year after additional nestboxes were made available and resulted from dormouse immigration, mostly from adjacent areas without nestboxes. In the second and third years, the number of two-year-old and older resident dormice, which had their home ranges in this plot, increased considerably. The average size of dormouse home range decreased by approximately half both in males and females in the 25 × 25 m grid compared to the 50 × 50 m grid. The proportion of breeding adult females did not differ between the two grids in spite of different adult dormouse density. Shortage of secure nest sites was a limiting factor for the common dormouse population abundance in the forest where natural tree hollows were absent, and high nestbox density increased environmental carrying capacity.
7

Long-term stability of tawny owl (Strix aluco) population despite varying environmental conditions – a case study from Central Poland

67%
Gryz J., Chojnacka-Ozga L., Krauze-Gryz D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2019
|
tom 67
|
nr 1
Our aim was to determine dynamics in a population of tawny owls Strix aluco over 15-year period, in relation to year-to-year variation in environmental conditions. The research was carried out in a habitat mosaic of fields and forest in central Poland, over the 2004–2018 period. Numbers of pairs (territories) were established by the standard playback survey technique supplemented by searches for nest sites. The selected environmental factors studied in parallel were the acorn production, density changes in field and forest rodents, meteorological conditions in winter and density of martens (Martes spp.). At the start of the study period 20 nest boxes designed for tawny owls were placed out in the study area. This number was enlarged by additional 27 nest boxes placed in 2012. The number of owls in the area remained stable – in the range of 26–29 pairs, despite changes in nesting sites availability. However, moderate influence of rodent density and winter conditions on population abundance was detected. Also, peak in the rodent population coincided with greater clutch size and numbers of young owls reared. Densities of martens remained relatively stable throughout the study period, and there were no reported cases of these carnivores killing tawny owls, despite the former taking shelter in the owl-boxes.
8

Effect of old nest material on nest site selection and breeding parameters in secondary hole nesters - a review

67%
Mazgajski T. D.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2007
|
tom 42
|
nr 1
1-14
9

Do small hole nesting passerines detect cues left by a predator? A test on winter roosting sites

67%
Ekner A., Tryjanowski P.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2008
|
tom 43
|
nr 1
107-111
There are a lot of studies about relationships between prey and predators. However most have focused on the influence of lethal predators on their prey. We suggested that non-lethal effects may also be very important for a complete understanding of prey-predator interactions. Among many influencing factors predation is important because it affects survival probability, especially in winter, which is a critical period for many passerines living in temperate zones. Apart from killing prey, predators may also have an indirect influence on the choice of nocturnal resting sites. Therefore, small passerines should detect and avoid places where a predator has operated previously. We tested this prediction using data on wintering small passerines, mainly on Great Tits. The study was performed during the winter season of 2005/2006 in western Poland. In the experiment, we put fur and mangled feathers in half of 100 randomly selected nest boxes. Boxes were checked every ten days, from January-March. The birds showed a significantly stronger preference towards "clean" nest boxes (without predator traces). It seems that non-lethal predator influence modifies winter dispersion of birds and wintering passerines may detect, by visual signals left behind, nest boxes where predation has previously occurred.
10

Autumn sexual display in Tree Sparrows [Passer montanus L.] as a component of the winter survival strategy

67%
Pinowski J., Pinowska B., Zduniak P., Tryjanowski P., Jerzak L., Romanowski J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2009
|
tom 57
|
nr 1
159-169
The evolution of organisms leads to the elimination of behaviors that are costly in terms of energy. One of such behaviors in the Tree Sparrow Passer montanus is the autumn display during which these birds construct nests. The purpose of this paper is to find out if this behavior is a part of the strategy for winter survival.The study of Tree Sparrows was conducted near Warsaw, Central Poland. During the breeding season, nest boxes were checked to record the presence of Tree Sparrow nests. Before the autumn display, breeding nests were dyed in order to identify nest material added in the period of autumn display. Nestlings in nest boxes, juveniles, and adults captured in mist-nets were banded with different combinations of color bands to identify their age during visual observations in the period of autumn sexual display. Juveniles and adults caught in mist-nets were classified as molted or not molted birds. In winter, nest boxes were checked to catch the birds roosting in them at night. Autumnal sexual display in Tree Sparrows is similar to the spring display. Both adults and juveniles leave the breeding colony in August and return after molt. They form pairs, copulate and build nests in fall. The autumn display is continued from the first ten days of September to early November. The number of Tree Sparrows participating in the autumn display increases with the percentage of the birds that completed molt in the population. In the first half of September, 16% of the population completed molt, while 99% in mid-October. On the average, adult birds formed pairs on 11 September (SD: 7.7 days), and juveniles on 17 September (SD: 8.0 days). Nest construction was started, on the average, 14.2±8.7 days after pairing. The advance in nest building was dependent on the time of pair formation. Intensive nest building took place in the last 10-days period of September and in October. Early in November, nest building ceased with the onset of cool weather. The last birds to pair did not construct complete autumn nests and in winter they roosted in shrubs or in tree crowns . The building of autumn nest as a consequence of the autumn display, serving as a roosting place in winter, can be a consequence of natural selection promoting this behaviour.
11

Nest construction during autumn display and winter roosting in the Tree Sparrows Passer montanus

67%
Pinowski J., Pinowska B., Chernetsov N., Romanowski J., Sierakowski K.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2008
|
tom 43
|
nr 2
185-195
A study of Tree Sparrows was conducted near Warsaw, central Poland. During the breeding season, nest boxes were checked to record the presence of Tree Sparrow nests and broods. Nestlings, juveniles, and adults captured in mist nets were ringed with different combinations of colour rings to identify their age during visual observations in the autumn sexual display period. Before the autumn display, breeding nests were dyed in order to identify nest material added during the autumn display period. In winter, nest boxes were inspected to catch the birds roosting in them at night. The study was conducted in optimal and marginal habitat types. In the optimal habitat during the autumn sexual display, adult birds were much more abundant than in the marginal habitat. During the breeding season, 41% of the nest boxes were occupied in the optimal habitat, compared with 8% in the marginal habitat. The respective figures during the autumn display were 95% and 45%. Autumn nests were built in 83% and 12% of the nest boxes, respectively, and in winter, 35% and 7% of nest boxes, respectively, were used by birds for night-time roosting at night. The autumn display continued from early September to the end of October. For roosting at night in winter (November-March), Tree Sparrows selected nests according to their insulating quality. Most often they roosted in nest boxes containing nests from the breeding season with autumn nests built over them, then, in descending order of frequency, in nest boxes with autumn nests built in empty boxes, in boxes with breeding nests, and in completely empty boxes. Among birds roosting at night and captured on the first survey in winter, 86% were represented by pairs that had built those nests during the autumn display. Young birds that did not build autumn nests typically roosted at night in tree crowns. This implies that the construction of autumn nests is primarily a consequence of the autumn sexual display, and secondarily may be an adaptation for winter survival. The winter survival rate was significantly higher in juvenile Tree Sparrows that were found in nest boxes on winter nights than in those that were not.
12

Breeding performance, apparent survival, nesting location and diet in a local population of the Tawny Owl Strix aluco in Central Lithuania over the long-term

67%
Grasyte G., Rumbutis S., Dagys M., Treinys R.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2016
|
tom 51
|
nr 2
In the present study, we used 37-year long dataset on Tawny Owls from the annual monitoring of nestboxes at a sample plot in Central Lithuania. We expected that Tawny Owls responded to changes in land use practices, stemming from a change in both political and economic system, which may affect prey abundance and composition, breeding performance and demography. To analyze temporal changes in monitored parameters, we divided the study period into three phases (1978-1989,1990-2001 and 2002-2014), corresponding to different socio-economic conditions. The number of nesting pairs of Tawny Owls decreased significantly in the last 13 years of the study, but the number of successful pairs fluctuated without any trend. The clutch size and number of nestlings varied without significant trends, but nesting success improved over the last 13 years. Annual apparent survival probability of the female Tawny Owls did not vary significantly over the study period (model averaged values between 0.71 and 0.73). Owls occupied nestboxes irrespective to the distance from the agricultural land during the first two study periods, but since early 2000s, owls tended to occupy nestboxes located deeper in the forest. Birds and small mammals were similarly important as prey items by biomass. Since the 1990s, the share of Microtus voles significantly decreased in the diet, while that of birds increased. In summary, changes in the diet, improved nesting success of the Tawny Owl and tendency of nesting in forest interior may indicate ongoing complex responses to the changes in environmental conditions.
13

Breeding success and timing of the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca nesting in natural holes and nest-boxes in the Bialowieza Forest, Poland

67%
Czeszczewik D.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2004
|
tom 39
|
nr 1
Broods of Pied Flycatcher nesting in natural tree holes and nest-boxes in Białowieża Forest (E Poland) were compared. Natural holes in primeval stands of the Białowieża National Park were located by following singing males, then monitored several times during the season. Nest-boxes situated in the managed part of the forest were inspected weekly. Flycatchers breeding in natural holes started laying eggs on average two days later (15 May) and laid smaller clutches (6.4 eggs) than birds breeding in nest-boxes (13 May and 6.7 eggs). The predation rate was significantly lower in natural holes (av. 47%) than in nest-boxes (av. 65%). This result indicates that generalisations regarding the evolution of adaptations to predation by nest-box populations should be treated with caution.
14

Nestbox use and reproductive parameters of Tree Sparrows Passer montanus: are they affected by the presence of old nests?

67%
Garcia-Navas V., Arroyo L., Sanz J. J.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2008
|
tom 43
|
nr 1
32-42
There is a controversy over the effects of old nest reuse on the breeding biology of hole nesters. Some authors have shown that the presence of old nest material could increase ectoparasite pressure and/or reduce cavity size, whereas others argue that it could facilitate nest-building and serve as an informative cue for breeding birds. However, the possible functions of old nests may not be limited to the reproductive period in burds that perform autumnal courtship or use nest cavities as shelters during the winter season, as is the case with the Tree Sparrow. The importance of the presence of old nest material on nest box choice during the non-breeding period and its implications on the subsequent breeding performance of this multi-brood species are assessed. Occupancy rates and reproductive parameters (such as phenology, clutch size, nestling condition, breeding success) were compared between woodcrete and wooden nest boxes with and without old nest material inside. During the non-breeding period no effect of box type or its content on nest box selection was discovered, but in spring it was found that the strong preference of birds for breeding in woodcrete nest boxes was independent of the presence of old nests. In relation to this latter point, evidence was found that old nest reuse could negatively affect the reproductive output of Tree Sparrows: clutches were laid later, nestlings had longer wings (which presumably fledged earlier) and reproductive success was lower in nest boxes containing old nest material. The results of this study suggest that, taking the non-breeding and breeding seasons as a whole, the accumulation of old nest material seems to be detrimental rather than advantageous to this species.
15

Long-term changes in population density of nest-box breeding Great Tits and Blue Tits in two contrasting habitats in Central Poland

67%
Gladalski M., Wawrzyniak J., Banbura M., Kalinski A., Markowski M., Skwarska J., Zielinski P., Banbura J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2016
|
tom 64
|
nr 3
Urbanization affects the ecological and behavioral traits of various species of animals, including birds.We present results concerning long-term fluctuations in breeding densities of nest-box populations of the Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus and the Great Tit Parus major in two, structurally and floristically contrasting types of habitat (an urban parkland and a rich deciduous forest) located 10 km apart, in central Poland. This study was conducted in 1999–2012 in the parkland site and in 2002–2012 in the forest site. We found a strong correlation of year-to-year changes in breeding densities of Great Tits between the parkland site and the forest site and a lack of such a correlation in Blue Tits. Breeding densities of Great Tits were much higher in the parkland than in the forest area every year during the study period. Annual changes in breeding densities were not correlated between the species studied. The North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO-winter index) tended to influence the density dynamics of the two bird species in the forest area but not in the parkland area.
16

Factors determining the distribution of coexisting dormouse species [Gliridae, Rodentia]

67%
Bako B., Hecker K.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2006
|
tom 54
|
nr 3
This study investigated coexistence of three dormouse species living in the same habitat, Naszály-hill, in the north-eastern part of the Danube-bend (47°49’N, 19°08’E). The vegetation of the area is very diverse, comprising a mosaic of orchards with natural forests and forest plantations. Data were collected from 1999 to 2005 with wooden nest boxes and from 2002 to 2005 also plastic nest tubes were used. Study area was approximately 6 ha. All three species (hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius L., forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula Pall. and fat dormouse Glis glis L.) have different ecological requirements. However, they occurred simultaneously in some microhabitats and in some places one species clearly predominated. We also observed how the ongoing succession process in the former orchards affected the distribution of dormice. There were seasonal differences in timing of emergence from hibernation, greatly affecting spatial distribution of the different species. Hazel dormice were first to appear in nest boxes and/or tubes, in March, then forest dormice in April and fat dormice in June. As numbers of fat dormice increased the smaller species withdrew from using the nest boxes. Fat dormice reached peak numbers in summer and they entered hibernation by October.
17

The use of nest boxes by hens in cages: what does in mean for welfare?

67%
Cronin G. M., Butler K. L., Desnoyers M. A., Barnett J. L.
Animal Science Papers and Reports. Supplement
|
2005
|
tom 23
|
nr 1
18

Nest material of the common dormouse [Muscardinus avellanarius L.] used in nestboxes, Podilla [West Ukraine]

67%
Zaytseva H.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2006
|
tom 54
|
nr 3
The common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius L. is a regular inhabitant of the nestboxes placed in the region of Podilla (48°20’N 26°30’E), West Ukraine. One hundred and forty seven nestboxes were controlled during 2004. The dormouse occupied 31% of the nestboxes available in oak-hornbeam forest. It is a significant competitor of birds, which frequently occupies the nests of the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis Temminck, great tit Parus major L. and blue tit Parus caeruleus L. At the end of the year 41 nests of M. avellanarius from the nestboxes were studied and the nest material was analysed quantitatively. We found four basic types of dormouse nests: foliar, mixed, layered and grassy. Mixed nests (54%) were the most frequent. Dormice preferred to build mixed nests on the flycatcher nests, and foliar nests on the tit nests. Leaves of trees constituted the greatest part of the nest material (62%). Leaves of hornbeam were the commonest fraction of the nest material, but those of linden, oak and maples were also present in smaller quantities. Simultaneously an experiment on the use of an artificial material for nest building by forest inhabitants was carried out in the nature reserve. Dormice also used an artificial material; namely a coloured thread and some tow were found in six nests on the study area. M. avellanarius showed high plasticity and used the most widespread and accessible nest materials available in the particular habitat.
19

Effect of old nest material in nestboxes on ectoparasite abundance and reproductive output in the European Starling Sturnus vulgaris L.

67%
Mazgajski T. D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
|
tom 55
|
nr 2
Before breeding, hole nesting birds face the problem of the presence of old nest material from previous seasons in their nest sites. This material fills the cavity, making it shallower, resulting in greater brood vulnerability to predators, as well as creating good conditions for ectoparasite development. As a consequence, this may negatively affect many breeding parameters of hole nesters. However, adult birds may compensate the effect of blood sucking ectoparasites by increasing their feeding rates. It is known that the European Starling Sturnus vulgaris L. can deepen its nest site by removing old nest material. Therefore, a study was conducted to find out whether the presence of old nest material influences ectoparasite abundance in newly built nests, reproductive parameters, as well as nestlings’ body parameters and feeding rates in this species. An experiment with nestboxes was carried out in two forested areas. Two groups of nestboxes were prepared – one contained old nests from the previous breeding season, and the other group was cleaned with old nests removed. During the breeding season, data on Starling reproduction were collected, i.e. laying dates, clutch size and number of fledglings. Nestling body parameters were measured on the 6th, 9th, 13th and 17th days of their lives. On the 10th and 15th days of nestling life, the number of feedings was counted over a period of 30 minutes. Nests were collected and analyzed for the presence of ectoparasites. It was found that the average number of ectoparasites, both fleas and mites, was greater in nests built on old nest material, and that this number was highly correlated. In further analysis, two possible effects on reproductive output were investigated separately: the presence of old nest material and the abundance of ectoparasites. Clutch size and number of fledglings were smaller in broods from nestboxes containing old nest material, but there was no such relationship to laying dates and nestlings’ body parameters (weight, tarsus and wing length). The number of feeding trips on the 10th day of nestling life was higher in “cleaned” nestboxes, but a similar level was achieved by the 15th day in both groups of nestboxes. It was found that ectoparasite abundance did not influence any of the studied parameters of Starling reproduction, i.e. breeding, nestlings’ physical condition or number of feedings. This confirmed earlier findings that ectoparasite infestation at a natural level does not affect Starlings’ breeding. It seems that the negative effect of the presence of old nest material in nest sites is connected to the costs of site preparation and old nest material removal, which are borne by the females.
20

Uwagi o zimowaniu imago Gracillariidae [Lepidoptera] w skrzynkach lęgowych w Polsce

59%
Buszko J., Pacuk B.
Wiadomości Entomologiczne
|
2010
|
tom 29
|
nr 1
64
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