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In this study the attempt to assess nephrotoxicity of TBBF-A after repeated exposure was made, on the basis of selected biochemical parameters.
The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the alcoholic extract of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. could decrease the intensity of nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Cisplatin at a single dose of 12 mg/kg body weight was administered intraperitonially to albino male Wistar rats. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by determining the serum creatinine and urea levels as well as renal antioxidant status in rats after cisplatin administration. Ethanolic extract of G. pictum at 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight was administered orally after cisplatin injection for 15 days. The extracts could significantly reduce the elevated serum creatinine and urea levels. Renal antioxidant defence systems, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities and reduced glutathione level, depleted by cisplatin therapy were restored to normal by treatment with the extract. Cisplatin induced lipid peroxidation was also found markedly reduced by treatment with the extract. This result indicated that ethanolic extract of G. pictum rendered significant preventive effect against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.
The aim of this study was to compare the most commonly-used experimental models and to assess the microscopic renal changes in different models of cyclosporine A (CsA) nephrotoxicity. Wistar male rats were divided into five groups, eight animals in each. CsA was given in doses of 15 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The blood was collected for creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels analysis in the serum and the kidneys were sampled for microscopic examination on the 11th and 29th d of the experiment. CsA induced nephrotoxicity was characterised by increased serum levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid. Microscopic features of CsA nephrotoxicity in all CsA experimental groups were observed. We would recommend the use of low doses of CsA for approximately 28 d as the most relevant experimental procedure for achieving the features of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity.
This paper aims to assess the relationship between the urinary activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and its isoenzyme B (NAG-B) and cadmium (Cd) concentration in the urine as well as to evaluate which of these lysosomal enzymes may be a more useful biomarker for the monitoring of Cd-induced tubular damage. For this purpose we have used an experimental model in rats chronically exposed to Cd in which we noted damage to the proximal tubules, including lysosomes. In rats intoxicated with 5 mg Cd/dm3, the urinary activities of NAG and NAG-B increased after 12 weeks of treatment, while at 50 mg Cd/dm3 - activities increased already after the 1st week. The urinary Cd excretion in Cd-exposed rats, but not in the non-exposed ones, positively correlated with the activities of NAG and NAG-B. A positive correlation which was observed between NAG and NAG-B activities was stronger in Cd-exposed animals than in those not exposed. The results of the present and our previous histopathological and histoenzymatic studies, confirm the usefulness of total NAG and NAG-B as sensitive markers of proximal tubular injury for the monitoring of chronic exposure to Cd. Taking into account the strong correlation between the total NAG and its isoenzyme B, similar correlation coefficients between their activities and Cd concentration in urine and simplicity of total NAG determination compared to that of NAG-B, one can conclude that the determination of total NAG is suitable for the monitoring of exposure to Cd. As the urinary activity of total NAG is a sum of activities of several isoenzymes, which may be influenced by various factors, and the intralysosomal localization of NAG-B, we hypothesize that NAG-B should be recommended as a sensitive and useful marker for routine monitoring of chronic exposure to Cd.
Mercury is present in nature as metallic mercury, inorganic and organic compounds. Mercury levels constantly increase in the human natural environment. A similar rise of mercury content has been observed in human tissues. Kidney disease arising from exposure to heavy metals, mainly during occupational exposure to mercury, may play a special role in nephrology. Long-term exposure to mercury may cause progressive degenerative changes in the kidneys, possibly leading to renal insufficiency. The main renal changes caused by mercury are indicated by the both glomerular and tubular disfunction. Early renal damage may usually be monitored by measurements in urine excretion of very sensitive small proteins and of some enzymes. This article reviews data concerning the nephrotoxic effects of mercury compounds in animals and humans induced by exposure to mercury compounds with the results of our study in changes of proteins in urine excretion in groups of workers occupationally exposed to mercury vapours, (depending on degree and duration of exposure).
The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the alcoholic extract of Sphaeranthus indicus could decrease the intensity of toxicity in albino rats. Gentamicin at a dose of 80mg/kg body weight was administered intraperitonially to albino male Wistar rats for 8 days. Then another set of animals were given the alcoholic extracts of S. indicus along with gentamicin treatment. The antioxidant levels, serum creatinine, serum urea etc were analyzed. The extracts could significantly decrease the gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity as inferred from the tissue antioxidant status in the drug administered animals. Remarkable change was observed in serum creatinine and urea levels. Lipid peroxidation in the kidney and liver tissues was also considerably reduced in S. indicus extract treated animals. The nephrotoxic rats showed lower activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione transferase and reduced glutathione content in the liver and kidney which were restored to normal levels by treatment with S. indicus extract. The increased levels of lipid peroxidation in nephrotoxic rats were reverted back to normal levels after the treatment with S. indicus ethanol extract. These results suggest that it has protective effect against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity which may be attributed to its antioxidant potential.
Podjęto próbę określenia nefrotoksyczności bromobenzenu po wielokrotnym podaniu, wykorzystując wybrane wskaźniki biochemiczne.
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