The study sought a correlation between the number of AgNOR granules and the degree of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Thirty-five sections (5 normal, 10 CIN1, 10 CIN2 and 10 CIN3) were subjected to retrospective analysis. The percentage of cells with 1, 2, 3, 4 and more AgNORs was calculated and the number of granules per 100 cells was counted. The number of cells containing single granules decreases. However, the number increases with CIN level when the cells contain 4 and more AgNORs. The number of granules per 100 cells also increases with the degree of CIN. It can be thus concluded that the number of cells with 4 and more AgNOR granules can serve as a CIN differentiation exponent.
This study discusses the occurrence of neoplasia in the Baltic clam Macoma balthica from the Gulf of Gdańsk in recent years and investigates potential relationships between toxic compounds in the environment and the presence of the cancer. The disease was identified at four sampling stations during 1999–2002. Comparison with previous results highlighted the substantial prevalence of the tumour between 1998 and 2002. The prevalence of the cancer was strongly dependent on the sampling location (p < 0.001): it was highest at sampling point H45 (the deepest part of the gulf) and lowest at station PB30 (central part of the gulf). Monthly studies showed a trend towards an increasing prevalence of neoplasia during the warm months. However, over several sampling months no strong statistical correlation between the prevalence of the disease and the sampling time was found. The results of the study suggest that several environmental factors may promote the progress of the cancer in M. balthica from the Gulf of Gdańsk: it is most probably an indirect effect of pollution, although causality cannot be proven at this stage. Seriously polluted and exhibiting a considerable asymmetry of contamination, the ecosystem of the gulf provides an ideal environment for testing potential cause-effect relationships between pollutants and their biological effects.
We report that both space and time, in which a system of interacting cells exists, possess fractal structure. Each single cell of the system can restore the hierarchical organization and dynamic features of the entire tumor. There is a relationship between dynamics of gene expression and connectivity (i.e., interconnectedness which denotes the existence of complex, dynamic relationships in a population of cells leading to the emergence of global features in the system that would never appear in a single cell existing out of the system). Fractal structure emerges owing to non-bijectivity of dynamic cellular network of genes and their regulatory elements. It disappears during tumor progression. This latter state is characterized by damped dynamics of gene expression, loss of connectivity, loss of collectivity (i.e., capability of the interconnected cells to interact in a common mode), and metastatic phenotype. Fractal structure of both space and time is necessary for a cellular system to self-organize. Our findings indicate that results of molecular studies on gene expression should be interpreted in terms of space-time geometry of the cellular system. In particular, the dynamics of gene expression in cancer cells existing in a malignant tumor is not identical with the dynamics of gene expression in the same cells cultured in the monolayer system.
A window in the pericardial sac was created by thoracoscopy in two dogs with diagnosed idiopathic haemorrhagic pericardial effusion (IHPE). Thoracoscopic access to the pericardial sac facilitated surgery and minimised the risk of complications associated with conventional thoracotomy.
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In this research, LV systolic functions of the 14 mature dogs with idiopathic pericardial effusion (IHPE) and cardiac neoplaesia (CN) were examined. The dogs were between 1-16 years old, generally large breed and male. Signs of cardiomegaly were observed in the chest radiography and low amplitude QRS complexes in electrocardiograms. Pericardial effusion, cardiac masses and paradoxical motion were detected by 2D echocardiography. Left ventricle (LV) systolic functions were detected with M mode echocardiographic examinations. A statistical significance (p<0.001) was found between echo-free pericardial Space (EPS) and fractional shortening (FS%), ejection fraction (EF%), velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VcF), in the dogs with IHPE. A distinction was also found between EPS and EF in the dogs with CN (p < 0.001). FS, EF and VcF were significantly decreased in the dogs with IHPE in contrast to the dogs with CN. It was detected that the systolic function of the left ventricle could be considerably disturbed by the excessive volume of the pericardial effusion, even if no cardiac tamponade occurred.
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to study the structural changes of DNA induced by the antitumor drug cts-diamminedichloroplatinum. The STM image showed a dramatic structural perturbation of the DNA by complexed Pt with the characteristic bend of the double helix.
Wiele chorób oczu kotów różni się od tych które spotykamy u inny gatunków zwierząt. Typowo kocim schorzeniem jest sequestrum czyli martwak rogówki. Ogólne objawy ze strony oczu kota są zwykle powiązane z istnieniem choroby systemowej, toczącej się w całym organizmie (choroby tła wirusowego, pasożytnicze, grzybice, nadciśnienie). Oczy kotów wrażliwe są na niedobory tauryny czy też tiaminy, które to powodują zmiany chorobowe dna oka prowadzące do ślepoty. Bardzo często spotykamy u kotów nowotwory, które są zwykle bardziej agresywne niż u innych gatunków zwierząt. Ponadto występują też schorzenia o podłożu genetycznym i wady rozwojowe.
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major cause of non-melanoma skin cancer in humans. Photochemoprevention with natural products represents a simple but very effective strategy in the management of cutaneous neoplasia. The study investigated the protective activity of Calluna vulgaris (Cv) and red grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L, Burgund Mare variety) (BM) extracts in vivo on UVB-induced deleterious effects in SKH-1 mice skin. Forty SKH-1 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): control, UVB irradiated, Cv + UVB irradiated, BM+UVB irradiated. Both extracts were applied topically on the skin in a dose of 4 mg/40 µl/cm2 before UVB exposure - single dose. The effects were evaluated in skin 24 hours after irradiation through the presence of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and sunburn cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin (IL)-6 levels. The antioxidant activity of BM extract was higher than those of Cv extract as determined using stable free radical DPPH assay and ABTS test. One single dose of UVB generated formation of CPDs (p<0.0001) and sunburn cells (p<0.0002) and increased the cytokine levels in skin (p<0.0001). Twenty hours following irradiation BM extract inhibited UVB-induced sunburn cells (p<0.02) and CPDs formation (p<0.0001). Pretreatment with Cv and BM extracts resulted in significantly reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF- compared with UVB alone (p<0.0001). Our results suggest that BM extracts might be a potential candidate in preventing the damages induced by UV in skin.