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The study deals with the issue of ecological agricultural farms from the West-Pomeranian Province, which are located close to or on valuable natural areas. It aims to describe the kinds of problems which accompany the activity of ecological farms situated on naturally valuable areas. The review of the research studies was based on Polish and foreign literature was made. The analysis of the survey data collected from farmers working on ecological farms located close to or directly on valuable natural areas was also conducted. A sample of 765 farmers was used for the purpose of the study. The data gathered from the survey have led to seven conclusions. It was proved that natural methods of production are desirable, on the one hand, as they help preserve the values of nature sites, but, on the other hand, they are considered by farmers as insufficiently developmental as far as valuable natural areas are concerned. It is therefore necessary develop and present different concepts of development resulting from the mutual support and interaction.
The aim of the study was to determine the environmental awareness of local authorities as a factor in the development of bio-economy in the natural valuable areas and the analysis of selected aspects of environmental awareness of the councilors of the Lublin voivodeship. An analysis was performed of the existing research on the environmental awareness of the inhabitants of the Lublin voivodship and the study of the environmental awareness of councilors conducted in 2013, being part of the project entitled: „Environmental conditions and factors of economic functions’ development in the areas of natural value of the Lublin voivodeship. „Analyses were performed for the following municipalities: Urszulin, Zwierzyniec, Wilków, Susiec, Sosnowica, where, in the late 90s studies were carried out of the ecological awareness of inhabitants of the natural valuable areas of the Lublin voivodship and five units of comparison – Biała Podlaska, Radzyń Podlaski, Komarówka Podlaska, Tyszowce, Wohyń. In the „green” municipalities, 70 councillors were studied - 95% of the total, and in the control ones 75 - 100% of the total. Councillors from the environmentally valuable municipalities showed their positive attitude to nature, but often had insufficient expertise on the resources, protection and sustainable use in the management processes. The condition for the development of bio-economy in the Lublin voivodship was to develop ecological awareness of local authorities.
Subject and purpose of work: The aim of this work is to present the possibilities of cultivating varieties of industrial hemp which are registered in Poland in areas of high nature value. Materials and methods: This work is a type of overview; it describes characteristic features of areas of high nature value. It also presents specific biological properties, cultivation and agrotechnical requirements, as well as the versatility of industrial hemp usage. Results: This study demonstrated considerable importance of industrial hemp in developing areas of high nature value, in accordance with the idea of sustainable development. Conclusions: Due to the specific biological properties of industrial hemp, its low cultivation and agrotechnical requirements and lack of the need to use pesticides, industrial hemp can be successfully grown in areas of high nature value.
The present article concerns selected components of the tourism potential of the Kampinos National Park. The aim of the study is to examine the economical capabilities of environmentally valuable areas by referring to the rule of sustainable development. The present analysis has looked in particular on basic tourism resources including the elements of tourism infrastructure within the park’s area. The Kampinos National Park is unique on the European scale due to its location, natural and landscape values. Its high tourist potential is appreciated by numerous visitors. Conclusions: The Park’s environment needs to be properly managed and protected. The present preservation economy of the park should be altered so as to follow the sustainable development rules. Such an approach ensures preserving natural values in an unchanged state and contributes to the improvement of economical living conditions of the local community.
The purpose of the study was to identify the role of commune selfgovernment in sustainable development of environmentally valuable areas in the Lublin Province. The study was based on the review of the literature in the area and the author’s reflections based on her studies on the functioning of commune self-governments located in environmentally valuable areas which she carried out in 2013 in 30 communes. The realisation of sustainable commune development is possible due to the policy of sustainable development. One of the integral elements of this policy is environmental policy, apart from economic and social policies. Commune self-governments that have been examined in the Lublin Province with reference to their realisation of policy of sustainable development concentrated mainly on environmental policy. They did not support pro-ecological companies sufficiently enough, which was not conducive to the improvement of environmental competitiveness of the communes. The main challenge for implementing the policy of sustainable developement by particular commune self-governments which are environmentally valuable is the activation of cooperation mechanisms aimed at improving environmental competitiveness of the communes.
Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study was to compare the behavior of companies located in the areas of nature value and in their proximity with companies located in urbanized areas in the Lublin Region in terms of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Materials and methods: The study was conducted by means of the diagnostic survey method, using direct interviews. Results and conclusions: Companies located in valuable natural or close to natural areas tend to undertake ecological and environmental investments (27.68%), care for the common good (54.46%), and treat employees well (54.46%) as compared with the companies located in urban areas (10.72%, 25.89% and 25.89%, respectively). Sensitivity to nature is primarily the result of the company’s direct contact with nature, the recognition of the importance of protecting it, as well as of good treatment of employees, that is it results mainly from the combination of business and personal relationships with employees. Firms located in urban areas are much more likely to support charitable donations (22.33%), which is a result of higher returns by these companies and more frequent requests for financial assistance. Further research in this regard should concern factors that make the entrepreneurs more willing to implement CSRs in their companies.
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Non-productive functions of valuable natural areas

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The subject of the study is the presentation of naturally valuable areas in which non-production related functions can be performed apart from the production related ones. The purpose of this article is to address the issue of functions of naturally valuable areas with the focus on their importance for economic and social activity. The present analysis has been based on the specialist research literature as well as on the data obtained from local government bodies. The induction and deduction methods as well as critical literature analysis have been used. The results of the study confirmed that non-production related functions play a significant role in social life and, above all, they can impact the improvement of people’s physical and mental health. They can also provide some valuable raw materials including forest undergrowth while the principles of sustainable growth are followed.
The purpose of this study is to classify the activity of entrepreneurs in the fi eld of the integration of environmental concerns into the various phases of the life cycle of a product/ service and the evaluation of the potential of the selected elements of the organizations important from the perspective of expanding this activity. This paper includes an assessment of the signifi cance of some selected factors in the implementation of business support solutions in the adoption of pro-environmental ideas, and outlines the importance of the location as regards a natural, valuable area for the formation of eco-products. The study revealed no formal basis for the implementation of an eco-product policy and the pro-ecology motivation of half of the entities, resulting mainly from the need for compliance with environmental regulations. Activity in the shaping of eco-products requires a strengthening of the case study group and a more comprehensive approach. Its limitations are fi nancial and information barriers. Most respondents see opportunities for creating organic products as a result of their location.
Subject and purpose of work: The subject of the work was intra- and intersectoral cooperation between local governments for the development of tourism. The aim of the work was to evaluate the activity of local governments natural valuable areas of Lublin Province in undertaking co-operation in tourism. Materials and methods: The accomplishment of the objective was supported by the analysis of the literature of the subject and the results of the research carried out in 2013. The area of the study was composed of 30 municipalities of the highest ecological value group in Lublin Province. A diagnostic survey method was applied, with the use of an interview questionnaire which was addressed to village and town mayors. The additional source of information consisted of the web pages of municipal offices, organizations, which belonged to the surveyed local governments and statutes of these organizations. Results: It was shown that local governments within natural valuable areas did not sufficiently exploit diagonal co-operation in stimulating tourism development. The measures aimed at supporting tourism were characterized by lack of comprehensiveness. Only about one third of self-governments undertook comprehensive measures using forms of intrasectoral and intersectoral cooperation. Conclusions: Further development and intensification of diagonal cooperation is postulated, as well as promotion of good practices.
Subject and purpose of work: The subject matter of research is the tourism demand within the areas of national parks and the purpose of the work was to characterize the demand realized at the Kampinowski National Park (KNP). Materials and methods: Research with the use of technique of surveying was conducted in the summer period of 2013 on a sample of 133 tourists resting in the vicinity of KNP. KNP was visited mainly by well-educated inhabitants of large cities (mainly Warsaw), middle aged. The most often used source of information by the researched group during the selection of specific facility was the internet, as well as word of mouth marketing. Results: During the stay physical activity was conducted-most frequently hiking and bicycle riding. Cultural sphere of the visited region also enjoyed large interest. Conclusions: Undertaking more in-depth research in the scope of demand realized within the areas of great natural values seems crucial. It would enable the creation of optimum offer as well as its effective promotion, which in turn should translate into development of tourism on the discussed arct of actions of preventive character or protective one within the terrains of this type. eas. Identification of behaviours and forms of activity conducted by tourists will enable also condu
Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study is to make a characteristic and evaluation of the conditions of environmental activities of companies representing the bioeconomy sector located in environmentally valuable areas of Lublin Voivodeship. The study also identifies key factors and barriers to eco-activity from the perspective of the surveyed companies. Materials and methods: To achieve the goal a review of literature and surveys were conducted in 2013 in 30 communes of the Lublin province (Poland), characterized by the highest level of the indicator of ecological value. The study used the method of diagnostic survey with a questionnaire interview. Results: Environment-friendly activities undertaken in the studied companies were conditioned largely by economic factors and the need to adapt the organization to meet the standards of environmental protection. Among the problems concerning determinants of eco-friendly activity entrepreneurs pointed high cost of adapting the organization to the increasingly stringent environmental legislation and organizational difficulties to adapt to these regulations. Conclusions: Bioeconomy sector companies operating in environmentally valuable areas are characterized by mutual harmonious relationship with the local natural environment. In the study group, there is a need to promote awareness of the possibility of external support for environmental activities.
The study consists of two parts. The aim of the first part of thesis providing theoretical background is to characterise the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and its relationship with contemporary perception of the development of natural precious areas, where the bioeconomy sector plays an important role. The aim of the second, scientific part is to characterise enterprises representing the bioeconomy sector and to provide the level of importance of selected noneconomic factors related to social responsibility in business decision-making process. The article also presents the areas of environmentally friendly activities of analysed entities and the assessment of entrepreneurs regarding positive impact of business activities on the natural precious areas. The method of diagnostic survey along with an interview questionnaire were applied in the empirical research. In the group of 150 examined companies, 48 were selected to represent entities of the bioeconomy sector on the basis of the resource criterion, which included all entities of production area that use biological resources. This was followed by a comparative characteristics of declared attitudes and actions taken by companies with regard to corporate social responsibility in a group of the bioeconomy sector and others. In order to reveal the occurrence of characteristic clusters and similar attitudes towards particular areas of corporate social responsibility in the bioeconomy sector a two-stage classification method of grouping, Two-step Cluster, was employed. Selected elements of descriptive statistics and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test of the statistical significance were introduced in the study. Results of empirical research, presented in a descriptive and graphic way in the form of tables and graphs, were delivered using the SPSS Statistical Package.
The focus of the present study are valuable natural areas, and its purpose is to present the beneficial effects of the forest environment in these areas on the human body. The study has analysed the results of research by various, mainly foreign, authors concerning the treatment of the forest environment in Poland referred to as “forest therapy”, “sylwotherapy.”Research has shown that being in a forest environment helps to preserve mental balance, strengthens the immune system and stimulates organism’s regeneration. Differences in the impact of different types of forests were also observed. Pine forests calm down, lower blood pressure and help the respiratory system. Broadleaved forests stimulate, improve mood and enhance the ability to concentrate by affecting various aspects of human life. The results of the analyses show that in Poland the interest in forest therapy could be another form of raising public awareness by informing people how important is the role of the forest, not only in nature but also for human health.
Subject and purpose of work: Monitoring of biological diversity within the areas of natural value is targeted at assessment of the impact of the applied agricultural practices on the natural environment. The aim of the research was to compare species diversity and abundance of segmental plants occurring in winter cereals grown in the selected ecological farms and conventional farms in the Lubelskie voivodeship. Materials and methods: Monitoring research were conducted between 2012-2014 in 28 farms (14 ecological and 14 traditional) on fields with cereal crops. Species composition and volume of habitats of weeds was defined as well as diversity indicators of Shannon-Wienner and Simpson were indicated. Results and conclusions: Research indicated that diversity of segmental flora which accompanies cereal was larger in ecological farms than in the traditional ones. The total of 149 species of weeks were marked; 107 taxa were common for both farming systems, 26 were characteristic for ecological system while 16 for the traditional farming. It was noted that the significantly larger number of species present in the field and the volume of weed per area unit was present in ecological farming. Both within the traditional farming system and the ecological one more monocotyledons than dicotyledonous species were found. The assessment of flora diversity via Shannon-Weinner and Simpson indicators indicated larger species diversity in fields of arable crops in ecological system than the conventional one, however, no significant dominance of one or more species of weeds was noted in case of either of the systems.
Na podstawie 134 dokumentacji geologicznych torfowisk oraz prac własnych przedstawiono charakterystykę mokradeł (torfowisk i gytiowisk) mezoregionu Poj. Olsztyńskiego. Na badanym obszarze o pow. 3817 km2 występują 2772 torfowiska oraz 95 gytiowisk zajmujących łącznie 26 975 ha. Wyraźnie przeważają obiekty małe do 10 ha. Blisko 80% obiektów torfowych stanowią torfowiska niskie. Gleby torfowe wytworzone są najczęściej z głębokich, średnio rozłożonych torfów z przewagą torfów olesowych. Około 25% torfowisk znajduje się w fazie akumulacji. Wykorzystanie rolnicze mokradeł w mezoregionie polegające na użytkowaniu darniowym jest prawidłowe. Przedstawione w pracy syntetyczne informacje mogą służyć do ustalania zasad gospodarowania i ochrony mokradeł oraz stanowić podstawę do specjalistycznych badań.
Obszary przyrodniczo cenne można utożsamić z obszarami cennymi ekologicznie. Stopień cenności ekologicznej proponuje się ocenić na podstawie trzech parametrów: formy użytkowania, zanieczyszczenia środowiska i stopnia zachowania jego naturalnych elementów. Cenność ekologiczna sama w sobie nie jest wartością. Dopiero w połączeniu z funkcją nieruchomości (pełnioną lub przeznaczoną jej w planie zagospodarowania przestrzennego) wpływa i generuje jej wartość.
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