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1

Radioactivity of building materials available in Northeastern Poland

100%
Zalewski M., Tomczak M., Kapala J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2001
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tom 10
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nr 3
This paper includes the results of measurements of natural radioactivity in building materials and raw building materials. The dose rate indoors was calculated on the basis of the contents of K-40, Ra-226 and Th-232 in building materials and the results were compared with literature data of measurements (in situ). The standard procedure for qualifying building materials for building houses designed for habitation was used.
2

Radioecological analysis of the North-Eastern region of Poland

86%
Zalewski M., Mnich Z., Kapala J., Karpinska M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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1997
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tom 06
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nr 6
This paper presents the results of measurements of natural radioactivity of K-40, Ra-226 and Th-232 in building material as well as radon concentrations and dose rates in houses and outdoors. The mean absorbed rate in air outdoors from natural gamma radiation was found to be 40.2 nGyh'1. Doses inside houses made from particular materials were (nGyh '): brick - 102, prefabricate - 89, wood - 88. The mean equivalent concentration of radon indoors was 12 Bqm-3. The calculated annual effective dose equivalent per one statistical inhabitant of "Poland Green Lungs" is 1.61 mSv/year. The doses absorbed by the population in the northeastern region of Poland from natural sources of ionizing radiation are lower than the population-weighted world averages.
3

Natural radioactivity of soil and sediment samples collected from postindustrial area

72%
Sleziak M., Petryka L., Zych M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2010
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tom 19
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nr 5
Contents of a typical postindustrial pond that was used 12 years previously as a tank for collecting waste water pumped from a coal mine was evaluated on the basis of 19 samples collected from the pond and surrounding area. Measurements of radium, thorium, and potassium, plus cesium activity, were performed with the use of a germanium detector – HPGe 4020 by examining photons with energy in the range 0.5 MeV to 3 MeV. In consequence, the concentrations of such radioisotopes as 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and, 137Cs were determined by their decay products, but the radiation effect of natural radioisotopes was estimated by I1 and I2 coefficients. The investigation shows the most contaminated residue in the sediments at the bottom of the settling tank.
4

Natural radioactivity in underground waters

72%
Walencik A., Kozlowska B., Dorda J., Szlapa P., Zipper W.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2010
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tom 19
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nr 2
461-465
Nine underground water springs from the Szczawno-Jedlina health resort and one from Zagorze Śląskie were investigated for natural radioactivity content (²²²Rn, ²²⁶,²²⁸Ra, ²³⁸,²³⁴U). In order to obtain the necessary data, two different nuclear spectrometry techniques were applied: a liquid scintillation counter that enabled us to determine ²²²Rn and ²²⁶,²²⁸Ra isotope content, and α spectrometer for measurements of uranium isotopes (²³⁴,²³⁸U) in investigated samples. The activity concentrations of ²²²Rn in investigated samples varied from 6 Bq/l to 227 Bq/l. For radium isotopes the concentrations ranged from 13 mBq/l to 808 mBq/l for ²²⁶Ra and from below 30 mBq/l to 184 mBq/l for ²²⁸Ra. The activity concentrations for uranium isotopes varied from 2.4 mBq/l to 964 mBq/l for ²³⁴U, and from 1.0 mBq/l to 725 mBq/l for ²³⁸U. The isotopic ratios between uranium and radium isotopes (²²⁶Ra/²²⁸Ra, ²²⁶Ra/²³⁸U, ²³⁴U/²³⁸U) and annual effective doses due to these isotopes’ consumption were evaluated. Risk levels due to carcinogenic effects of ²²⁶,²²⁸Ra and ²³⁴,²³⁸U radionuclides consumed with water were estimated.
5
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Factors affecting background gamma radiation in an urban space

72%
Nowak K. J., Solecki A. T.
Journal of Elementology
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2015
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tom 20
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nr 3
Terrestrial background gamma radiation in urban surroundings depends not only on the content of radionuclides in the soil and bedrock, but also on levels of radionuclides in building materials used for the construction of roads, pavements and buildings. The aim of this study was to characterize an outdoor absorbed dose rate in air in the city of Wroclaw and to indicate factors that affect the background gamma radiation in an urban space. Gamma spectrometric measurements of the radionuclide content and absorbed dose rate in air were performed by means of portable RS-230 gamma spectrometers and at sites with various density of buildings, in the city center and in more distant districts, over pavements and roads as well as in a park, a cemetery and on four bridges. Measurements were performed at a 1-meter height. The absorbed dose rate in air ranged from 19 to 145 nGy h-1, with the mean of 73 nGy h-1. This paper implicates that terrestrial background gamma radiation depends on the type of building material used for the construction of roads and pavements and on the density of buildings shaping the geometry of the radiation source. The highest background gamma radiation was observed in the center of the city, where buildings are situated close to each other (nearly enclosed geometry) and pavements are made of granite. The lowest background gamma radiation was noticed on bridges with nearly open field geometry. Additionally, three profiles at the heights of 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 m were arranged between two opposite walls of the hall of the Main Railway Station in Wroclaw, where the floor is made of various stone slabs. The results indicated that the absorbed dose rate in air varied, depending on the type of building material, but became averaged along with the height.
6

Urban-rural differences of radon (222Rn) concentration in the air surface layer with reference to meteorological conditions - preliminary analysis

72%
Podstawczynska A., Kozak K., Mazur J.
Acta Agrophysica. Rozprawy i Monografie
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2010
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nr 2[179]
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