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In this article raw statistical data from the Central Statistical Office, the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice, the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute have been used. The author’s research covers the period from 1999 to 2009. Trends of the pomology development in Poland have been presented in the article. Changes in cultivation areas have been introduced as well as dominant species of apples have been pointed out. The most frequently cultivated species were Idared, Jonagold, Champion, Gloster and Cortland. The mentioned apple species reąuire high costs for plant protection.
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Stability, ranks, and the PhyloCode

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Current codes of biological nomenclature define taxon names using types and ranks: the type determines the minimal membership of a named taxon, and the rank is supposed to determine its limits. Homo is “the taxon including the type species Homo sapiens that is assigned to the rank of genus”. However, there is no “genus concept” (analogous to a species concept), and thus no way of empirically determining the limits of a particular genus, even in the context of a single agreed phylogeny. The same problems also apply to higher taxa at all other ranks under current codes, leading to great taxonomic instability. All proposed objective criteria for determining membership of taxa at a particular rank (e.g., geological age, genetic divergence) are shown to be problematic. In contrast, the clades named by phylogenetic definitions are objective and stable. Node−based and branchbased definitions are most precise; however, apomorphybased definitions can be ambiguous due to difficulty in defining alternative character states, and optimisation uncertainty. A major benefit of ranks (information about relative nesting of taxa) can be achieved even more efficiently using standardised but rankless suffixes already widely used in phylogenetic taxonomy. Finally, in situations where the phylogeny is poorly known, phylogenetic nomenclature appears to be superior to the Linnean system. Phylogenetic nomenclature does not force one to officially name poorly corroborated groupings, whereas Linnean codes compel users to erect and name genera even when relevant supraspecific relationships are poorly known.
The authors correct usage of names of two Byturidae beetles: Byturus ochraceus (Scriba, 1970) and Byturus tomentosus (DeGeer, 1774)
From historical perspective, brand appeared in the 19th century. Its emergence is associated with the development of packaged products. Industrialization shifted the production of large quantities of household products from smaller local companies to centralized factories. The factories producing products of mass production were trying to expand the sales of their products to people who had previously purchased only the products from smaller local companies. The manufacturers of packaged goods from large factories had to convince the market about the quality of their products. We do live in a branded world. There is no doubt about it. We all make produce decisions every day. We probably all have certain types of products of which we like only one or two brands, while we buy other things based on what is on sale on a given day. This inclination to buy branded products is rooted in two basic things: recollection and satisfaction. We remember which one we like by brand name. The concept of branding is so powerful that we now extend it to human beings as well. Have you heard people talk yet about the idea of the Brand Called You? That’s right: People are now thinking that you had better become the brand manager of you, and soon. Say what? This brand thing is getting very close to home.
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