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The article aimed at drawing attention to the problem of mycotoxicoses, appearing in cattle and often undiagnosed because of lack of characteristic clinical signs. It described an outbreak of mycotoxicosis in one of the dairy-cattle herd in north-east Poland. In this case, DON, 3-Ac-DON, OTA, T-2 toxin, and ZEA were found in the feed and were considered as causative agents in a decrease in milk yield, occurrence of clinical symptoms of toxicosis, and death of some cows.
The aim of the study was to examine the toxic effect of different doses of zearalenone on liver cells by estimating mycotoxin influence on antioxidant systems and on formation of free radicals in the liver. The research was carried out on male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into nine groups of 10 animals each. Group A was orally given 8% ethyl alcohol once a day for 10 d. Groups B, C, D, and E were given, orally once a day 50, 100, 200, and 500 µg/kg b.w. of zearalenone in alcohol solution for 10 days. The animals from groups X, Y. and Z received a single dose of 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg b.w of zearalenone, respectively, and group W (control) - a single dose of 8% ethyl alcohol. The liver was removed and homogenised. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and concentration of L-ascorbic acid in the homogenate were determined. Received outcome and statistical analysis showed the essential fall of superoxide dismutase activity after 10 d of administering 200 and 500 µg/kg b.w of ZEA in comparison with the control group, and drop of glutathione peroxidase activity after 500 µg/kg b.w. dose. The results of the experiment showed that oxidative stress is one of the main toxic effects of zearalenone activity. Low doses of zearalenone applied for a long time do not have an influence on free radical reaction. Short-lasting zearalenone influence does not cause changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB1) on total antioxidant status (TAS). The studies were conducted on Wistar male rats weighing 190-200 g. The animals were given for 7 d varied doses of AFB1, from 0.5 mg/kg b.w. to 2 mg/kg b.w. TAS and concentration of uric acid were determined in blood serum. The administration of AFB1 caused a decrease in TAS value, the most significant in the rats, which received the highest dose. AFB₁ disturbed the second line of defence against free radicals, which was proved by an increase in the second line defence antioxidant, i.e. uric acid.
The contamination of feed with micotoxin has been a serious problem in animal nutrition. Many existing methods of decontamination are not satisfying due to the toxicological safety and health quality of the fodder materials. It stimulates the scientists to search for the new methods. The use of sorbents in the form of natural and synthetic aluminosilicates is a promising direction. The efficacy of aluminosilicates towards aflatoxins has been proved. However, their influence on other micotoxins is not that obvious. According to the last investigations, the use of aluminosilicates in nutrition does not cause any side effects and widespread pathological effects are observed only when dosage is incorrect. Regarding the analyses that were published, it can be supposed that the addition of several different aluminosilicates is a sufficient protection against mycotoxicoses.
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