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Badano wzrost grzybni na pożywce pszennej i podłożu ze słomy oraz plonowanie 9 kultur krzyżówkowych boczniaka ostrygowatego Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) KUMM. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w Katedrze Warzywnictwa Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu w 2007 i 2008 roku. Przedmiotem badań były kultury krzyżówkowe boczniaka ostrygowatego oznaczone jako: 2/7, 3/19, 5/49, 7/61, 9/73, 11/91, 12/97, 14/10 i 14/127 pochodzące z kolekcji własnej Katedry Warzywnictwa Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu. Wzrost grzybni badano na pożywce agarowej pszennej na szalkach Petriego oraz na podłożu ze słomy w probówkach szklanych. W doświadczeniu uprawowym przeprowadzono ocenę plonowania 3 kultur krzyżówkowych wytypowanych na podstawie wyników badań wzrostu grzybni. Podłoże uprawowe stanowiła słoma pszenna uformowana w bloki o masie jednostkowej 16 kg. Stwierdzono, że badane kultury krzyżówkowe różniły się zarówno pod względem szybkości wzrostu grzybni, jak i wielkości plonu. Na pożywce pszennej najszybszym wzrostem grzybni odznaczała się kultura 14/127, natomiast na podłożu ze słomy pszennej najszybszy wzrost grzybni stwierdzono u kultur oznaczonych jako 14/127, 14/10, 9/73 i 12/97. Spośród kultur krzyżówkowych wytypowanych do doświadczenia uprawowego największym plonem ogólnym i handlowym odznaczała się kultura 14/127, najmniejszym zaś kultura 9/73.
The aim of the research was to determine the effect of medium on the mycelium growth of L. sulphureus. The subject of the studies were six L. sulphureus strains: LS02, LS206, LS286, LS302, LSCNT1 and LSCBS 388.61. Eight different agar media and six solid media were used in the experiment. Some morphological characteristics of mycelium on agar media were also evaluated. It was found that PDA was the best agar medium for mycelium growth of all tested strains. The strain LS302 was characterized by very high growth rate regardless of the examined agar medium. The tested strains presented changes in mycelium morphology on different agar media. The best mycelium growth was obtained on alder, larch and oak sawdust media, mainly in LSCBS 388.61, LS02 and LS286 strains.
The objective of the performed investigations was to compare mycelium growth of eighteen strains and two crossbred cultures of Lentinula edodes cultivated on agar media and on sawdust substrates from deciduous trees. On the basis of the performed experiments it is possible to conclude that the mycelium growth rate was a characteristic feature of the examined strains and crossbred cultures of L. edodes, although it depended on the type of the substrate on which it was growing.
The aim of the studies was to determine the effect of sawdust substrates and their enrichment with glucose on the mycelium growth and yield of three Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Fr.) Pers. strains. The subject of the studies was strains of H. erinaceus designated as ‘H1’, ‘D5’ and ‘D9’. Pine and beech sawdust supplemented with glucose in the amount of 1%, 2% and 3% were used as cultivated substrates. It was found that the tested strains differed in mycelium growth rate. The ‘D9’ strain was characterized by the fastest mycelium growth. The mycelium grew more rapidly on substrate with glucose addition, regardless from its amount, in comparison with substrate without glucose addition. The ‘H1’ and ‘D5’ strains gave the bigger yield than ‘D9’ one. The biggest yield was recorded on beech sawdust substrate with 3% addition of glucose.
A shift towards organic farming suggests amalgamation of organic resources against soil borne plant pathogens. The influence of metabolites of most ubiquitous Aspergillus spp., organic amendment extracts and their combined effect with Trichoderma virens were evaluated in vitro against Rhizoctonia solani. The minimum (36.1 mm) growth was attained by R. solani in co-culture with A. niger. The maximum (42.3 mm) inhibition of mycelial growth of the test organism was observed with culture filtrate of A. ochraceous followed by A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. terreus. Among organic amendment extractants, castor cake exhibited an additive effect on the growth of T. virens, however, the maximum (41.8 mm) suppressive effect on R. solani was observed with vermicompost. With the advance in time, the effect of organic amendment extracts increased markedly. Inhibition potential of culture filtrate mixturte of A. niger + T. virens and A. ochraceous + T. virens against R. solani was significantly higher in comparison to the other combinations.
In the present work it was shown that total saponins originated from M. hybrida and M. sativa substantially limited mycelium growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. tulipae and symptoms of fusariosis on tulip bulbs. Out of 15 individual tested saponins originated from M. arabica, M. hybrida and M. sativa, four compounds: 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)α-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin, hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, medicagenic acid, medicagenic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside had the strongest inhibitory effect on mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae on PDA medium. The total saponins from M. arabica, M. hybrida and M. sativa inhibited the number of colony forming units of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae in artifi cially infested substrate. The use of saponins originated from Medicago as a fungicide is suggested.
Six coriander accessions of different origins were grown on an experimental field in Mošorin, Serbia during 2014. The GC/MS analysis of the essential oil showed that the major components in all samples were linalool (69.3–72.0%), γ-terpinene (6.0–9.6%) and α-pinene (6.7–8.2%), while other compounds were present at less than 5%. Antifungal activity of coriander oils against two phytopathogenic fungi from Colletotrichum genus (C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides) was evaluated using the inverted petriplate method. Experiments show that coriander essential oil has antifungal properties against the apple bitter rot pathogens from Colletotrichum genus, but only at higher application rates (≥ 0.16 μl/ml of air). According to the obtained data, it can be concluded that tested coriander accessions differ in essential oil content and composition, as well as in influence on mycelial growth. Coriander essential oil has potential for being applied as a biological control agent against these two fungi from Colletotrichum genus.
Pestycydy
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2008
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nr 3-4
109-116
The object of the research work were an isolate of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s Wort) as well as three fungicides belonging to different chemical groups: Sarfun 500 SC, Amistar 250 SC and Gwarant 500 SC. The studies on the inhibiting mycelium growth effect were carried out in vitro on the media amended with the fungicides at concentrations corresponding to field recommended doses for control of anthracnose of many vegetables and ornamental plants and additionally in values double increased and decreased them. The results showed that Sarfun 500 SC even at the twice reduced dose (0.05%) concentration was most effective against this pathogen. Amistar 250 SC at the lower concentration (0.05%) demonstrated low antifungal activity but the effect of 0.1% concentration was significantly higher. In the case of the fungicide Gwarant 500 SC the effective concentration was 0.4% whereas recommended dose is 0.2%. The Sarfun 500 SC and Amistar 250 SC can be therefore regarded as a prospective means of limiting growth and development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and protecting St. John’s Wort from this pathogen.
This work presents results on the effect of manganese ions on the development and biological activities of the fungal antagonists Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Trichoderma viride. The effects of manganese on linear growth of Trichoderma spp. depend on the metal concentration and the fungal species. T. harzianum proved the most sensitive fungus. on the other hand, none of the applied manganese ion concentrations inhibited mycelial growth of T. viride. At the highest concentration of 800 ppm, manganese ions caused a weakening of the conidial germination of T. harzianum and T. viride. An increase in manganese ion concentrations had a negative influence on the effect of T. harzianum on Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani.
Biocontrol of postharvest decay on apples could provide an alternative approach for chemical control. With the effort to look for effective biocontrol agents, Bacillus pumilus (B19), B. subtilis (B11), B. cereus (B16), B. subtilis (B11), B. cereus (B17), B. brevis (EN63-1) and B. licheniformis (EN74-1) were tested for their potential activity against gray mold caused by Botrytis mali on Golden Delicious apple in Iran. Dual culture, cell free metabolite and volatile compounds tests showed that all seven isolates inhibited growth of the pathogen. All isolates prevented development of B. mali lesion diameter on apples stored at 40°C from 9 to 32.2 mm as compared to 41.6 to 51.4 mm in control. At 20°C the lesion size was from 7 to 24.9 mm for treatments with antagonistic bacteria while in control it ranged from 42.2 to 46.6.
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