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Subject and purpose of work: The article is devoted to the issue of martyrdom museums and relations they create. Its major aim is to identify and analyze relations between martyrdom museums and local communities. An attempt is made to determine how they can be managed so as to maintain their positive aspects or reorientate them into being more effective. Materials and methods: The study methods used were literature review and data analysis. Statistics and data provided by selected institutions as well as information presented in the local media were analyzed. Results: As a result, areas and ways of creating relationships were identified, as well as differences in initiating them. With regard to the different perspectives of residents and visitors, the necessity of cooperation and communication was emphasized. Conclusions: The way of creating relations depends on the size and range of a museum. As these factors influence the intensity of discussion, smaller museums are not mentioned in the literature.
The history and scope of the collection of inclusions in Baltic amber of the Muséum d’histoire naturelle Neuchâtel (MHNN) is briefly outlined. Diptera are largely dominant, with some 4600 specimens belonging to 38 families, some of which are of rare or very rare occurrence in Baltic amber. A table summarizing the families represented in the collection and including the number of specimens of each of them is provided.
An attempt has been made to locate some of the museums in Europe which hold important collections of insects and mites in amber. Where possible the collections have been documented. Some of the arthropods from UK collections have been photographed and documented in more detail.
Mounts of four digenean forms designated by Prudhoe and Bray 1973 only to the genera or family were re-examined. "Opecoelidae (sp. indet.)" = Neolebouria terranovaensis Zdzitowiecki, Pisano et Vacchi, 1993. "Helicometra sp." = Helicometra antarcticae Holloway et Bier, 1968. "Stenakron sp. indet." = Stenakron glacialis Zdzitowiecki, 1989. "Neolepidapedon sp." =Neolepidapedon macquariensis sp. n. Specimens of "Neolepidapedon sp." (= probably N. macquariensis sp. n.) collected from Notothenia mizops are accompanied on the slide with other digeneans, Postmonorchis variabilis Prudhoe et Bray, 1973.
Fungal deterioration is one of the highest risk factors for damage of historical textile objects in Egypt. This paper represents both a study case about the fungal microflora deteriorating historical textiles in the Egyptian Museum and the Coptic museum in Cairo, and evaluation of the efficacy of several combinations of polymers with fungicides for the reinforcement of textiles and their prevention against fungal deterioration. Both cotton swab technique and biodeteriorated textile part technique were used for isolation of fungi from historical textile objects. The plate method with the manual key was used for identification of fungi. The results show that the most dominant fungi isolated from the tested textile samples belong to Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Penicillium and Trichoderma species. Microbiological testing was used for evaluating the usefulness of the suggested conservation materials (polymers combined with fungicides) in prevention of the fungal deterioration of ancient Egyptian textiles. Textile samples were treated with 4 selected polymers combined with two selected fungicides. Untreated and treated textile samples were deteriorated by 3 selected active fungal strains isolated from ancient Egyptian textiles. This study reports that most of the tested polymers combined with the tested fungicides prevented the fungal deterioration of textiles. Treatment of ancient textiles by suggested polymers combined with the suggested fungicides not only reinforces these textiles, but also prevents fungal deterioration and increases the durability of these textiles. The tested polymers without fungicides reduce the fungal deterioration of textiles but do not prevent it completely.
The identification of two cryptic bat species of the genus Pipistrellus using a non-destructive and quick method of multiplex PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis is described. Two primer combinations were able to produce species-specific bands that identified reliably individuals that were previously identified by mtDNA sequencing. Robustness of the method was subsequently successfully tested on 16 randomly selected free-living animals from central Europe (tissue samples obtained from a 3 mm punch of wing-membrane) identified to species on the basis of echolocation calls. Nine out of 15 museum specimens and 100% of fresh faecal samples from seven individuals were also successfully identified by this method. The described method thus provides a good way to routinely distinguish two Pipistrellus species by using non-destructive sampling of living individuals or droppings, and will be used in field studies of their ecology.
All previously known former Yugoslavian terrestrial slugs of the families Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae and Agriolimacidae have been discussed in this paper. The author conducted his research in the former Yugoslavia's territory in 1982-1983. He has also examined material from museums and private collections. The taxa, from the family to the species, are provided with full synonymy, more important references, descriptions of the external appearance and systematically useful anatomical characters, information on ecology and distribution in the world, list of new and already known localities, and comments, which - e.g. - help to distinguish a particular taxon from other ones. There are also keys to all the families and species, characteristics of the former Yugoslavia's slug fauna figures of all the species (nearly all made by the author himself) and distribution maps on a simplified UTM grid. The occurrence of 48 species has been established. Six other, in the author's opinion, were erroneously recorded in literature and should not be reckoned among the fauna of this area. Besides, 11 species mentioned by former authors still have a completely unclear status. Two species new to science have been described, i.e. Tandonia rara and Deroceras maasseni, and 20 names synonymized.
The holotype of Baltameletus oligocaenicus Demoulin, 1968 preserved in Eocene Baltic amber and housed in the W. Simon amber collection at the Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt University, Berlin is redescribed and illustrated. Baltameletus Demoulin, 1968 can be attributed to the family Ameletidae McCafferty, 1991 by a combination of following characteristics: (1) lateroparapsidal suture of mesothorax relatively elongate; (2) epimeron of mesothorax with membranous area between anepimeron and katepimeron; (3) mesonotal suture stretched backward medially and anterior paracoxal suture complete; (4) furcasternal protuberances contiguous; (5) hind wings well developed with RS, MA and MP triads; (6) tarsi 5-segmented with first tarsal segment fused with tibia; (7) forceps with two distal segments; (8) all tarsal claws dissimilar. This fossil genus clearly differs from all other representatives of the family Ameletidae by the following combination of characteristics: (1) unpaired projection of the vertex; (2) dorsally contiguous compound eyes (3); 2–3 mainly simple veins stretching from CuA to basitornal margin of forewing. Additionally, some data on the fossil representatives of Ameletidae are given.
This paper reports on the species of Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha stored in the collection of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom. Most of the specimens found have been collected in Silesia; few others collected in other regions of Poland (including species from territories outside of recent border but formerly in Poland) are listed with locality data provided. The species identified are listed and briefly commented. The species firstly recorded from Upper Silesia are: Cixius simplex (H.-S.), Myndus musivus Germ., Kelisia ribauti Wagn., Javesella stali (METO.), Ribautodelphax angulosus (RIB.), Dictyophara europaea (L.) and Tettigometra leucophaea (preys.).
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