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1

Absence of the musculocutaneous nerve together with unusual innervation of the median nerve

100%
Aydin M. E., Kale A., Edizer M., Kopuz C., Demir M. T., Corumlu U.
Folia Morphologica
|
2006
|
tom 65
|
nr 3
228-231
During routine anatomical dissections, absence of the musculocutaneous nerve was determined in a 58-year-old male cadaver. Moreover, the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles were innervated by two separate branches which divided from the median nerve instead of the musculocutaneous nerve. From a branch that divides from the main trunk of the median nerve at nearly the middle of the arm a motor branch again divided that innervated the brachialis muscle and a sensory branch that conveyed the sense of the lateral part of the forearm. Furthermore, it was found that the brachial artery divided into its terminal branches, the radial and ulnar arteries. We believe that this rare variation of the median nerve will shed light upon surgical procedures involving the median nerve.
2

Innervation of the coracobrachialis muscle by a branch from the lateral root of the median nerve

88%
Tatar I., Brohi R., Sen F., Tonak A., Celik H.
Folia Morphologica
|
2004
|
tom 63
|
nr 4
Anomalies of the brachial plexus have previously been described in the literature. The coracobrachialis muscle is typically innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. During a gross anatomy dissection we found that the coracobrachialis muscle was innervated by a branch from the lateral root of the median nerve. Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the peripheral nervous system is important in interpreting unusual clinical presentations. This report will assist clinicians and surgeons by pointing out anatomical anomalies associated with the musculocutaneous nerve, the median nerve and their branches to the anterior compartment muscles of the upper arm.
3

Communicating branch between the musculocutaneous and median nerves in human

88%
Kaus M., Wotowicz Z.
Folia Morphologica
|
1995
|
tom 54
|
nr 4
4

Musculocutaneous and median nerve connections within, proximal and distal to the coracobrachialis muscle

75%
Loukas M., Aqueelah H.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
|
tom 64
|
nr 2
101-108
During dissection of the brachial plexus variations have frequently been observed in the formation and further ramification of the cords to form the musculocutaneous and median nerves (MCN and MN). The present study was undertaken to localise the connections (the communication pattern) of the MN and the MCN with respect to the point of entrance of the MCN to the coracobrachialis muscle. A total of 129 formalin-fixed cadavers were dissected for this purpose. For simplicity we classified the communication patterns as Types I, II, III and IV. In 82 (63.5%) of 129 cadavers 119 communications were found to be present. We were able to identify 4 different patterns of communication. Type I (54 communications, 45%): the communications were proximal to the point of entry of the MCN into the coracobrachialis, Type II (42 communications, 35%): the communications were distal to the point of entry of the MCN into the coracobrachialis, Type III (11 communications, 9%): the MCN did not pierce the coracobrachialis and Type IV (9 communications, 8%): the communications were proximal to the point of entry of the MCN into the coracobrachialis and additional communication took place distally. Precise knowledge of variations in MCN and MN communications may prove valuable in traumatology of the shoulder joint, as well as in plastic and reconstructive repair operations.
5

Arterial, neural and muscular variations in the upper limb

75%
Coskun N., Sarikcioglu L., Donmez B. O., Sindel M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
|
tom 64
|
nr 4
347-352
During our routine dissection studies we observed arterial, neural and muscular variations in the upper limbs of an adult male cadaver. In this case we observed the superficial brachial artery origination from the third part of the axillary artery, communications between the musculocutaneous and median nerves, variant formation of the brachial plexus, origination of the profunda brachii artery from the posterior circumflex humeral artery and supernumerary tendons of the abductor pollicis longus muscle. We think that such variations should be kept in mind during surgical and diagnostic procedures.
6

Anatomical variations of the median nerve distribution and communication in the arm

75%
Beheiry E. E.
Folia Morphologica
|
2004
|
tom 63
|
nr 3
Anatomical variations of peripheral nerves constitute a potentially important clinical and surgical issue. The aim of this work is to study the variations of the median nerve in the arm with respect to its branching pattern and distribution as well as its possible communication with the musculocutaneous and/or ulnar nerves. Sixty arms pertaining to 30 preserved human cadavers, ranging in age from 30 to 67 years, were dissected in pursuit of this aim. In one limb out of 60 (1.7%) the median nerve gave off muscular branches to the brachialis muscle as well as a branch from its lateral root to supply both heads of the biceps brachii muscle. Concomitantly the musculocutaneous nerve was absent. The same limb demonstrated a branch from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus supplying the coracobrachialis muscle. Three limbs (5%) showed a communicating branch between the median and the musculocutaneous nerves. These observations should be considered when a high median nerve paralysis is shown to originate in the axilla or proximal arm in a patient presenting with weakness of forearm flexion and supination. Similarly, it can explain weakness of the arm flexor muscles in thoracic outlet syndrome with median nerve affection.
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