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This study is a fragment of a long-term research on a genetic-silvicultural value of larches of Polish provenances (Table 1, Fig. 1) tested under mountain conditions of the Sšcz Beskid range within the All-Polish Provenance Experiment of Larch 1967. Investigations were based on numerical data on the degree of infection of trees of analyzed partial larch populations with a pathogen Lachnellula willkommii (Hartig.) Denis during 1984 – 1999, i.e. when trees were 20, 25, 30, and 35 years old. Results showed a significant diversification of tested provenances in respect of resistance to larch canker, and a certain tendency of its decrease with age of trees (Tables 2 and 3). Provenances of various regions of Poland were in the group of populations most susceptible to this disease, i.e. with trees showing symptoms above the experimental average (Fig. 3). The resistance to larch cancer of individual partial populations, under mountain conditions of the study area situated in experimental forests of Krynica, was in the first place determined by the genotype (Fig. 4). While the evaluation of the effect of the interaction genotype (provenance) x years of observation (age) pointed to a high stability of resistance to canker of larch populations of extreme values of this trait (Fig. 5). This creates, especially in the case of this provenance group, the possibilities to conduct the effective resistance selection in the early stage.
Quality of chosen herbal species from meadow and grazing herbage were evaluated. Dry matter, crude protein, ash, fat and fibre were analyzed. Herbage sampling was realized on three pastures of cattle with higher altitudes. Samples were compared with meadow herbage. Grass and herbage are the most natural and optimal feedstuff for cattle. Grazing management should notably regulate the pasture composition, i.e. support dominance of soft stoloniserous strains of grasses and decrease occurrence of weed and less value strain of gramineous grasses. The impact of grazing on milk performance and health of dairy cows was surveyed on sub-moun- tain farms. The higher milk, fat and protein yields were found in grazing season in comparison with winter confinement period.
The investigations were carried out in the years 2000- -2004 on permanent grassland in Czarny Potok (Beskidy Mts.- 650 a. s. 1.). Botanical census was conducted by using Klapp’s method on 26 plots (18 random selected plots and 8 controls). The whole floristic material was subjected to numerical classification. As a result, three main types of plots with the dominating species of: Juncus effusus (1), Cirsium arvense (2) and Deschampsia caespitosa (3), were distinguished. Poa trivialis was the dominating species of the control plots. Results of the floristic and habitat analysis confirmed that the main factors determining the formation of meadow and pasture communities are as follows: the method of use, water relations and soil nutrient availability. It was found that idle glades are characterised by degraded sward of the average (the sward patches with the domination of Deschampsia caespitosa) or low use value (the swards patches with the domination of Cirsium arvense and Juncus effusus). The deterioration of the feeding value of the fallow plots is an effect of their high weed infestation, which in turn results, in this case, from habitat changes as a consequence of the cessation of use and earlier errors made in cultivation measures. Both high and low soil moisture, with improper meadow management, accelerated the weed infestation of the sward, what in turn lowers its use value. Cutting and fertilisation positively affect the use value of plant habitats, what was confirmed by the botanical and habitat analysis of the control plots with the domination of Poa trivialis, which is known to be of good use value.
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