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Flood retention capabilities in a mountain catchments: case study of the commune of Spytkowice

100%

Kuras K., Jarosinska E.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2014

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nr IV/3

The experience of flooding from 2010 in the Commune of Spytkowice showed a dire need to define the factors behind the floods repeating every year in the region and to propose the best solutions for eliminating or limiting damage in the risk area. On account of the catchment’s location in mountainous area, the main intention was to propose actions that would mainly increase the catchment retention capacity in the upper reach of the Skawa river and its tributary, Pożoga. By slowing down the flow, these actions may considerably contribute to the protection of the most flood-sensitive areas located in the lower part of the catchment. Two solutions have been proposed based on the idea of building dry water reservoirs and providing the possibility to resettle inhabitants from the flooded area. The choice of the best solution for the Commune of Spytkowice depends on the topography of the valleys of rivers Skawa and Pożoga, as well as the financial situation concerning the project.

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Using support vector regression to predict direct runoff, base flow and total flow in a mountainous watershed with limited data in Uttaranchal, India

100%

Adamowski J.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

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2013

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tom 45

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nr 1

In the ecologically sensitive Himalayan region, land transformations and utilization of natural resources have modified water flow patterns. To ascertain future sustainable water supply it is necessary to predict water flow from the watersheds as affected by rainfall and morphological parameters. Although such predictions may be made using available process-based models, in mountainous and hilly areas it is extremely difficult to determine the numerous parameters needed to run such models, thus limiting their applicability. Artificial intelligence (AI) based models are a possible alternative in such circumstances. In this study an AI technique, support vector machines (SVM), was used for modeling the rainfall-runoff relationship from three hilly watersheds in the state of Uttaranchal, India. Different SVM models were developed to predict direct runoff, base flow, and total flow based on the daily rainfall, runoff, and morphological parameters collected from each watershed. The results confirm the potential of SVM models in the prediction of runoff, base flow, and total flow in hilly areas.

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Exceedance probability of selected low characteristic flows in mountain catchments

84%

Weglarczyk S.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2014

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nr IV/3

In Polish hydrology and water management the term characteristic flow exists denoting a specific value of flow at the given cross-section of a river calculated as the long-term minimum, mean, median or maximum calculated using the annual minimum, mean, median or maximum flow taken for each year from a series of (usually) daily flows. Some of these characteristic flows are used to define the low-flow (o drought) periods while the another criterion: a percentage flow Qp taken from the long-term flow duration curve is also widely used. In the paper the study on the frequency structure the empirical exceedance probability of a given characteristic flow made for some low and average characteristic flows (SNQ, WNQ, NSQ and SSQ) is presented. The results show that the exceedance probability of a given characteristic flow is variable, and the amount of this variability may be large, as is the case of WNQ and NSQ. So assigning a characteristic flow to a single FDC quantile value Qp (as can be find in the literature) cannot be justified. Correlation analysis made for the pairs (P. , characteristic flow), ( P., catchment area) and (P. , gauging station elevation) revealed some significant correlations. Only for SNQ is not correlated at all; correlation for other characteristic flows is statistically significant for at least one of the cases. The highest correlations (greater than 0.4 in absolute values) were found for the pairs ( P, gauging station elevation) for NSQ and, for SSQ, ( P, SSQ) and ( P, catchment area).

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Parameters determination of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for a small catchment in the Carpathians

84%

Karabova B., Sikorska A. E., Banasik K., Kohnova S.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

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2012

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tom 44

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nr 2

One of the most important tasks in hydrology is to simulate and forecast hydrologic processes and variables. To achieve this, various linear and nonlinear hydrologic models were developed. One of the most commonly applied rainfall-runoff models is the Nash’s model of the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) (Nash, 1957) used jointly with the CN-NRCS method. Within this paper, the Nash’s model was applied to a small forested basin (Vištucký Creek, Slovakia) to reconstruct rainfall-runoff events based on the recorded precipitation. The Vištucký Creek catchment, located in the Little Carpathians, is a part of the flood protection management of regional sites in the Little Carpathians. Therefore, the object of this paper is, first, to determine the parameters of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model for the Vištucký creek catchment, second, to analyse how the selected characteristics of the model depend on the rainfall characteristics, and third, to compare obtained results with a similar study of Sikorska and Banasik (2010). The computer programme developed at the Dept. of Water Engineering (WULS-SGGW) was used to obtain the rainfall–runoff characteristics based on the Nash´s model. The derived characteristics were parameters of the Nash’s model (N, k, lag time) and rainfall-runoff characteristics (sum of total and effective precipitation, rainfall duration, runoff coefficient, time to IUH peak, value of IUH peak, goodness of fit). A relatively small effective precipitation from the rainfall events was derived. For the purpose of the analysis, a correlation between the lag time (and k parameter) and the sum of the total and effective precipitation was used. The use of the conceptual rainfall-runoff model (Nash´s model) for the small catchment in Carpathians was proved to give satisfactory results. The rainfall characteristics derived in this study are comparable to the results obtained by Spál et. al (2011), who used the same catchment in their analysis. Interestingly, our analysis indicated that there is a correlation between the rainfall duration and the lag time, what is opposite to the compared results of Sikorska and Banasik (2010).

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Zmiany przewodności elektrolitycznej i stężeń biogenów w wodzie z biegiem cieku odwadniającego małą zlewnię rolniczą

67%

Ostrowski K., Policht A., Rajda W., Bogdal A.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2008

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tom 528

W pracy dokonano oceny zmian przewodności elektrolitycznej i stężeń biogenów w wodzie cieku małej zlewni o rolniczo-hodowlanym i osadniczym użytkowaniu w zależności od oddalenia względem źródła jej zanieczyszczania. Badania wykonano w cieku odwadniającym małą zlewnię rolniczą „Wronowiec”, należącą do zlewni rzeki Wieprzówki, lewobrzeżnego dopływu Skawy. Oznaczenia zawartości wybranych cech fizykochemicznych wykonano w próbkach wody pobranych w 10 terminach w okresie 2 lat z 10 punktów, rozmieszczonych wzdłuż cieku na długości około 1,5 km. Punkty poboru wody usytuowano w miejscach prawdopodobnych źródeł zanieczyszczeń, jak również na odcinku około 1,0 km wzdłuż biegu cieku poniżej miejsc zanieczyszczania. W terenie oznaczono przewodność elektrolityczną, a w laboratorium zawartości składników biogennych: K⁺, PO₄³⁻, NH₄⁺, NO₃₋, NO₂₋. Oznaczenia laboratoryjne wykonano metodami standardowymi. Wyniki badań wykazały, że fosforany, amoniak i azotyny najsilniej wpływały na pogorszenie jakości wody, a stężenia azotynów we wszystkich terminach badań nie pozwalały zaliczyć wody do pierwszej, a nawet drugiej klasy czystości. Natomiast wartości przewodności elektrolitycznej i stężenia azotanów w zdecydowanej większości przypadków kwalifikowały wodę do II klasy czystości. Różnica stężeń badanych składników pomiędzy górnym odcinkiem cieku a jego odcinkiem końcowym świadczy, że woda posiada naturalną zdolność samooczyszczania również w małych ciekach o stosunkowo łagodnym przepływie.

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Comparison of direct outflow calculated by modified SCS-CN methods for mountainous and highland catchments in Upper Vistula basin, Poland and lowland catchment in South Carolina, USA

67%

Walega A., Cupak A., Amatya D. M., Drozdzal E.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2017

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tom 16

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nr 1

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Some methods of soil erosion and suspended load transport determination in mountain catchments - Spanish and Polish experience

67%

Ubeda X., Farguell J., Bernia S., Sala M., Bartnik W., Bednarczyk T., Madeyski M., Radecki-Pawlik A., Michalec B., Tarnawski M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie. Inżynieria Środowiska

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2005

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nr 26

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Hydrochemical evaluation of surface water in the mountain catchments

67%

Twardy S., Kuzniar A., Kopacz M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2001

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nr 05

This paper presents analysis of meteorological, hydrological and hydro-chemical records collected in the years 1995-1998 in the upper catchment of the Grajcarek (the Small Pieniny Mountains). It was found that irrespective of water stages, concentrations of chemical components were at an average level. The loads, however, were significantly diversified. At lower stages, they constituted 4-7 per cent of the annual load, and at extremely high stages 23-33 per cent. The lower loads of all components were flowing out of the catchment A. The authors link this fact with the high afforestation of this basin. From the above data the conclusion can be drawn that the land use of a catchment has an effect on the chemical components of the runoff. It has particular importance in the case of mountain areas in view of the threat of water erosion.

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Wpływ dobowego opadu atmosferycznego na wielkość wyerodowanego materiału glebowego w górskiej zlewni, z użyciem modelu MUSLE

59%

Kruk E.