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The aim of the research was to determine the effect of medium on the mycelium growth of L. sulphureus. The subject of the studies were six L. sulphureus strains: LS02, LS206, LS286, LS302, LSCNT1 and LSCBS 388.61. Eight different agar media and six solid media were used in the experiment. Some morphological characteristics of mycelium on agar media were also evaluated. It was found that PDA was the best agar medium for mycelium growth of all tested strains. The strain LS302 was characterized by very high growth rate regardless of the examined agar medium. The tested strains presented changes in mycelium morphology on different agar media. The best mycelium growth was obtained on alder, larch and oak sawdust media, mainly in LSCBS 388.61, LS02 and LS286 strains.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the variability of morphological characteristics of native middleEuropean bees (Apis m. mellifera) of the ‘Northern M’ line. The research covered characteristics of breed (the length of proboscis, the cubital index), body size (the width of tergite 4 and the sum of widths of tergites 3 and 4) and wing size (length and width). The study compared bees harvested from a leading apiary and from collaborating apiaries participating in a program for the protection of genetic resources of bees of this line. The material for the study was harvested in 10 consecutive years. The samples were collected by the “cluster drawing” method (the multi-stage method of clustering described by Zee et al. in 2013). Each sample consisted of 25 to 30 bees. The frames were loaded in an instrument for the morphological measurement of bees (Apimeter). Seven measurements were taken on prepared body parts of each bee. The length and width of the wing and the length of the cubital vein were measured on the right front wing (hereinafter referred to as the “wing”). In addition, the width of abdominal tergites 3 and 4 and the length of proboscis were measured in each instance. In total, 4291 bees were harvested and 30 037 measurements were taken. The conclusion is that the program for the protection of genetic resources of bees of the ‘Northern M’ line can be implemented in Poland based on the leading apiary and on the collaborating apiaries, and bees of this line display characteristics of middleEuropean bees. Moreover, the study demonstrated a consistency of values of the studied characteristics of the ‘Northern M’ line with the applicable references of morphological characteristics for Apis m. mellifera. In addition, based on a review of results of the author’s research and based on collected literature originating from the 1960s, the study proves that a dwarfing trend has emerged among middle-European bees.
In cultivation of Japanese bunching onion as an annual crop harvested for bunches there is required to use pseudostem – type cultivars, with high rate of growth, rich in valuable phytochemicals. In a field study there was evaluated the yield potential, quality of the crop and nutritional value of the following pseudostem – type cultivars: Sprintesa, Parade, Performer, Ishikura Long White, Red Toga, Freedy and Totem. Kroll cultivar commonly recommended as a perennial crop grown for the use of cut foliage was recognized as the control. Seedlings produced in multicell trays were transplanted into the field on 19–22 April and harvested on 19–25 June, when majority of plants reached the pseudostem diameter > 10 mm. At harvest there were evaluated the yield size, morphological features of plants and content selected organic and mineral compounds. Most of the exammed cultivars appeared to be suitable for early spring growing for bunches, among which Parade produced the highest marketable yield and beside Sprintesa characterized the longest pseudostem as well as low nitrates content. ‘Kroll’ grown as annual crop for bunches produced yield similar to ‘Red Toga’ and ‘Freedy’, while significantly lower to the other examined cultivars. Its plants characterized by low mean weight and short pseudostem, but high amounts of potassium and low nitrates accumulation.
The morphological characterization was carried out for 5 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and 7 isolates of Trichoderma viride and tested for their biocontrol efficacy. The isolates belonging to T.harzianum were analogous in colony colour, culture smell, mycelial colour, conidiation, conidial shape, conidial wall and conidial colour. Correspondingly the isolates of T.viride showed certain similarity in colony colour, colony edge, culture smell, conidiophore branching, conidial wall, conidial colour and chlamydospores. Inter specific differences through cluster analysis based on morphological characters grouped the twelve isolates into three major clusters where all the isolates of T.harzianum formed a single cluster while the isolates of T.viride were bifurcated into two groups. The clustering was substantiated by similarity index which showed maximum similarity among T.harzianum isolates with only less than 20% variation among themselves. Similarly the clusters having isolates of T.viride also had less variation within them. The biocontrol efficacy of these twelve isolates of Trichoderma was experimented by dual culture test under laboratory condition and there existed some relation between the biocontrol efficacy of these isolates and morphology.
Variability of morphological conditions of the Vistula river channel in the section Czerwińsk-Kępa Polska. The paper presents an assessment of morphological changes that occurred in the Vistula river channel in selected section of about 33 km long, located in the middle of the Vistula river course between Czerwińsk and Kępa Polska (km 576–609). Based on the analysis of archival material from 1972–2009, a characteristics of river channel changes, taking primarily into account the horizontal layout (shape in the plan), was obtained. An attempt was made to estimate the trends and rate of transformation of the following parameters in the river channel: width, length, and position of the riverbanks, abundance and size of islands and fluvial deposits, as well as their percentage in the total area of the main river channel and the floodplain area between levees.
The effects of essential (Zn⁺²) and non-essential (Cd⁺² and Pb⁺²) heavy metals on morphogenesis of two represantatives of informal group zoosporic fungi namely; Saprolegnia delica Coker and Dictyuchus carpophorus Zopf. were studied. These two species varied in their tolerance of each amended heavy metal. Lead had the most potent effect amongst the tested heavy metals in inhibiting the radial extension of the vegetative hyphae of the two tested species. The vegetative hyphae of S. delica and D. carpophorus assumed different morphological alterations compared with that at controls depending upon the applied heavy metal and the dose concentration. Both zoosporangial formation and discharges of the two tested fungi were greatly inhibited even at the low concentrations of Cd. Zoosporangia of D. carpophorus appeared curved at high concentrations of Cd. Zoosporangial formation and discharge of the two zoosporic fungi showed variable defonnation when treated with Pb. The different applications of Zn nearly stimulated sporangial elongation in both zoosporic fungi. Sex organs varied in their numbers and morphogenesis at each treatment of the applied heavy metal. The gemmae of S. delica were greatly reduced or missed at the elevated toxic levels of Cd whereas they enhanced in numbers and size at most Pb treatments and little affected at Zn applications.
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