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Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is often used as a surrogate model in molecular studies of the closely related hepatitis C virus. In this report we have examined the effect of the inhibition of glycosylation on the survival and maturation of CSFV. Viral glycoproteins (Erns, E1, E2) form biologically active complexes — homo- and heterodimers, which are indispensable for viral life cycle. Those complexes are highly N-glycosylated. We studied the influence of N-glycosylation on dimer formation using Erns and E2 glycoproteins produced in insect cells after infection with recombinant baculoviruses. The glycoproteins were efficiently synthesized in insect cells, had similar molecular masses and formed dimers like their natural counterparts. Surprisingly, the addition of tunicamycin (an antibiotic which blocks early steps of glycosylation) to insect cell culture blocked not only dimer formation but it also led to an almost complete disappearance of E2 even in monomeric form. Tunicamycin did not exert a similar effect on the synthesis and formation of Erns dimers; the dimers were still formed, which suggests that Erns glycan chains are not necessary for dimer formation. We have also found that very low doses of tunicamycin (much lower than those used for blocking N-glycosylation) drastically reduced CSFV spread in SK6 (swine kidney) cell culture and the virus yield. These facts indicate that N-glycosylation inhibitors structurally similar to tunicamycin may be potential therapeutics for the inhibition of the spread of CSFV and related viruses
The aim of this research was to analyse the frequency of prevalence and localisation of neoplasms in domestic animals. The material consisted of 1,958 tumours, originating from the area of Lower Silesia, and affecting dogs, cats, horses, cattle, and exotic animals, sampled during the surgery, autopsy or biopsy, and submitted for histopathological diagnosis. Tumours of dogs were the most frequent - 1,700 cases (87%), followed by tumours of cats - 207 cases (10.6%), horses - 20 cases (1%), cattle - 3 cases (0.2%), and exotic animals - 20 cases (1.2%) including mostly tumours of ferrets - 8 cases (0.4%). In relation to similar studies carried out in the same area during 1957-1995 and 2000-2004, an increase in neoplasms in domestic animals was observed. Skin and subcutaneous tissue neoplasms and mammary gland neoplasms (principally adenocarcinomas) dominated.
In this study, 62 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were characterized by fast ligation-mediated PCR (FLiP) and, previously performed, IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). FLiP proved a reproducible and specific method for differentiation between M. tuberculosis strains. The discriminatory power of FLiP was close to that of the reference IS6110 RFLP suggesting its usefulness in studying the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis strains.
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Spirometric lung function parameters are used as a diagnostic tool and to monitor therapy effectiveness or the course of disease. On the other hand, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) are important predictors of morbidity and mortality in elderly persons. In clinical use, FEV1 and FVC are measured in liters and usually each is expressed as a percentage of the predicted value. Reference values used for the prediction of lung function should be reliable. It seems crucial that the reference cohort be representative. There is no doubt that gender and height are the most important predictors of lung function. The third predictor, age, may be a confounding factor. The study of age-dependent changes in lung function through the lifespan reveals distinctive differences. The FEV1 and FVC in adults are related to the maximum level attained, the plateau period, and the rate of lung function decline. A non-linear dependence between age and lung function parameters is more complex. The maximum level of lung function, possible to attain, is influenced by a genetic factor. The plateau and decline phases are closely connected with several independent predictors. In the last decade, some new factors influencing lung function have been established. A relation between lung function and hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus is a novel field of interest. Also, the influence on lung function of waist size, weight, and body composition or muscle strength are underscored. These, previously not full well unrecognized, factors make it difficult to get accurate norms with regression equations, traditionally using sex, height, and age as predictors.
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Patients' adherence in asthma

72%
W okresie powojennym nastąpiła w Polsce gruntowna zmiana w strukturze zachorowalności i umieralności. Choroby zakaźne, stanowiące niegdyś główną przyczynę zgonów, ustąpiły miejsca chorobom układu krążenia i nowotworom złośliwym. W roku 1985 choroby układu krążenia i nowotwory przyczyniły się łącznie do prawie 70% wszystkich zgonów. Przyczyną tych zmian były liczne czynniki, a wśród nich niewłaściwy model żywienia się populacji. W grupie chorób układu krążenia szczególnie szybko zwiększała się umieralność na niedokrwienną chorobę serca. W roku 1985 wskaźnik zgonów z powodu tej choroby był czterokrotnie wyższy niż w roku 1960, przy czym wykazał on przejściowe obniżenie w latach 1979—1983. Wskazano na zbieżność między kształtowaniem się tego wskaźnika w latach 1960—1985 a zmianami w modelu żywienia, konsumpcji alkoholu i palenia tytoniu.
Background. The study aimed to determine the effect of iodine deficiency and increased radiation on morbidity of thyroid cancer in patients living in the Ternopil region of Ukraine. The task was solved by comparing the patients with thyroid cancer from the district areas with iodine deficiency and increased radiation with those coming from the regions with normal iodine content and a normal radioactive background. Material and methods. The area of the Ternopil region was divided into the following 1) the northern area, with sufficient iodine content in food, radiation background – 0.09 mcSv/h; 2) the central and western areas, endemic in terms of iodine content and increased background radiation (up to 0.13 mcSv/h); and 3) the southern area, with sufficient iodine but increased background radiation (up to 0.15 mcSv/h). To conduct the analysis and determine the sickness rate, the patients were grouped depending on sex and age. Results. The sickness rate and prevalence of thyroid cancer in males in 2016 were 4-6 times lower when compared to females in all areas. The sickness rate of the females in the areas with increased radiation turned out to be age-dependent with a 1.25-3.2 times increase when compared to the areas with normal conditions. In the areas of the increased background radiation and dietary iodine insufficiency, the sickness rate of females was 1.54-5.4 times higher than the index in the areas with normal conditions. Conclusions. The highest rates prevalence and sickness rate of thyroid cancer in Ternopil region of Ukraine were observed in women over 51 years. The prevalence was 2 times, and the sickness rate 3 times higher in women over 51 years in the areas with iodine deficiency and an increased radiation background when compared to those in the areas with normal iodine and radiation background.
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