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Our study is aimed at microbiological analysis of water samples originating from a small municipal lake in Szczecin, called Syrenie Stawy. The studies were conducted for a year in monthly intervals. The variables estimated in the water samples included the extent of contamination (TVC 20℃ and TVC 37℃ ), content of sanitary status bacteria (coli group bacteria, TC), foecal-type coli group bacteria (FC), foecal streptococci (FS) and bacteria of physiological types (denitrification, amonification, sulphate- and sulphite-reducing bacteria). Results of the studies demonstrated high content of sanitary bacteria, which pointed to a significant contamination of the lake. High content of psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria pointed to high amounts of organic substances in water. On the other hand, the high content of NPL, of coli group bacteria titres and of foecal type coli group bacteria provided evidence for drainage of communal sewage to waters of Syrenie Stawy. This was additionally proven by the presence of foecal streptococci. As far as physiological bacteria were concerned, the extensive differences in between mean values obtained for various sampling points may indicate unequal loading of Syrenie Stawy waters with contaminants in various points of their coastal zone.
A change of land use is often cited as a causal factor in the decline of many species of farmland birds. Populations of the Little Owl (Athene noctua Scop., 1769) have notably decreased throughout Europe in the last 60 years, including the Czech Republic. The aims of this study were to estimate the recent population trend of the Little Owl and to analyze the importance of altitude and grassland habitat within Little Owl territories. The population trend of the Little Owl in the Czech Republic has still decreasing tendency. The population density dropped from 0.33 breeding pairs (bps) 10 km⁻² to 0.12 bps 10 km⁻² in the first (1993–1995) and second (1998–1999) monitoring program, respectively. The decline is apparent also from results from last Little Owl monitoring program which were carried out in 2005–2006 on 35 study plots (4607 km²). The average population density was estimated at 0.1 bps 10 km⁻². A distinct feature of these recent populations is that they occur in the places with relatively high local density (core areas) in comparison to the surroundings, which are unoccupied. At present, the Little Owl rarely breeds in natural tree cavities, but rather the majority of nesting sites are situated in human artifacts, especially within agricultural objects. Areas in which the Little Owl occurs have a significantly larger proportion of grasslands and are situated at lower altitudes. We suggest that the changes in agricultural landscape associated with disappearance of traditional farming management of grassland habitats, forceful pasturage and regular mowing were the main factors in this long-term population decline. The recent decrease of Little Owls could be also the consequence of the existence of small isolated populations in which mortality is not balanced by immigration from surrounding areas.
Since 1987 annual summer cruises to the Nordic Seas and Fram Strait have been conducted by the IO PAN research vessel Oceania under the long-term monitoring program AREX. Here we present a short description of measurements and preliminary results obtained during the open ocean part of the AREX 2016 cruise. Spatial distributions of Atlantic water temperature and salinity in 2016 are similar to their long-term mean fields except for warmer recirculation of Atlantic water in the northern Fram Strait. The longest observation record from the section N along 768300N reveals a steady increase of Atlantic water salinity, while temperature trend depends strongly on parametrization used to define the Atlantic water layer. However spatially averaged temperature at different depths indicate an increase of Atlantic water temperature in the whole layer from the surface down to 1000 m.
Our paper presents results from surveillance of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables carried out in 2004-05. 747 samples of 39 different types of fresh fruit and vegetables were analyzed for their pesticide residue contents. The highest resides found were: bupirimate residues (2.19 mg/kg), captan residues (1.82 mg/kg), ethylenebisdithiocarbamate residues (1.6 mg/kg), tolylfluanid residues (1.44 mg/kg), procymidone residues (1.19 mg/kg) and chlorpyrifos residues (1.01 mg/kg). In 27 samples (3.6%) residues exceeded national MRLs. Comparisons of the highest residues to ADI levels indicate that fresh fruit and vegetables from southeastern Poland seem to be quite safe for toddlers and adults.
Invertebrates are widely used as sentinels of metal bioavailability in water quality monitoring programmes due to their capability to accumulate bioavailable metals water and sediments. Several factors, for instance changes in flesh weight, may affect metal concentration in soft tissues and hence metal bioavailability estimations. The estimation of bioavailability by means of metal/shell-weight indices may provide an alternative approach. Here, it has been applied to a clean estuary (Urdaibai) which receives occasional metal inputs and where mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exhibit different growth patterns at different geographical sites. Metal/shell-weight indices calculated over a one-year period did not change with the season since they do not depend on changes in flesh weight. In addition, these indices did not differ between sentinel populations of mussels with different growth patterns. The metal/shell-weight indices appear to be sensitive to changes in the bioavailability of metals since they reflect changes in Cd, Cr and Pb bioavailability in the Urdaibai estuary. Thus, the use of these indices is highly recommended for environmental monitoring programmes in coastal and estuarine waters because they offer an easily calculated indication of metal bioavailability.
In this paper, two rural catchment- the Zagożdżonka catchment in Poland and the Skuterud catchment in Aas, Akershus county in Norway are compared. In addition to the general description, more in particular information, runoff, NO3 load, P-PO4 load, total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations in streams are compared. The data compared are from 1993 to 1995 in Zagożdżonka catchment and from 1994- 1996 from Skuterud catchment. The average concentration of N-NO3 in Zagożdżonka River in the period was 0.85 mg•1-1 and the mean concentration of P-PO4 was 0.13 mg•l-1. In the stream in Skuterud catchment the average concentration of N-NO3 was 4.95 mg•1-1 and the mean concentration of P-PO4 was 0.04 mg•l-1. For both catchments the same data were also compared for the 2008. In Skuterud catchment the highest concentration of nutrients occurred in November, March and April, which was connected to the higher runoff from agricultural areas during the snowmelt period. In Zagożdżonka catchment the highest concentration of nutrients was noted in March, April and in summer time, which was connected to periods with high amounts of precipitation. Comparison of the two rural catchments showed many differences in applied measurement methods for water sampling, water measurement, discharge measurement, runoff amounts and management practices, which had an effect on results of monitoring program. The compared data can be useful to predict the development of future environmental conditions for example water quality. It can also be useful for predict how nutrient runoff will be in future. What is more the different conditions for runoff in Skuterud and Zagożdżonka then different measures are needed.
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