The influence of felling on the distribution of rodents and their predators in a transitional coniferous-deciduous forest in northern Belarus was investigated in relation to stand age, forest type, and soil richness. The study was conducted in two areas differing by top-grounds (clay and sand soils) and, in turn, having different habitat carrying capacities. Three forest parts were investigated: 1) 10%, 2) 20–30%, and 3) 40– 60% covered by recent clearcuts. Three age classes of the clearcuts, namely 1) less than 2 years old, 2) 2–5 years old and 3) 6–12 years old, were considered. In total, we obtained data on small rodent numbers in 84 clearcuts, and the data on predators – in 67 clearcuts and the woodland parts differed by logging rate. Eventually, we became convinced that felling generally led to an increase in the abundance and species richness of rodents and their predators and that was attributable in the clearcuts aged up to 12 years. First, logging led to higher densities of Apodemus mice, the red fox Vulpes vulpes L., weasel Mustela nivalis L., tawny owl Strix aluco L., common buzzard Buteo buteo L. and adder Vipera berus L. Also, with the increased felling rate Microtus voles and the longeared owl Asio otus L. penetrated in transitional woodlands. Too intensive forest harvesting (more than 40% of recent clearcuts) led to the decline in the populations of several predatory species such as the pine marten Martes martes L., Tengmalm’s owl Aegolius funereus L., Ural owl Strix uralensis Pall., and pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum L. The decline in rodent predators found in the conditions of too intensive logging rate was different in the woodlands on sand and clay top-grounds. In the conditions of clay soil too intensive felling led to the pronounced decline of a marked part of the rodent predatory guild inhabiting woodlands, and the species densities decreased to the level that was lower than the initial one. Conversely, in initially poor habitats in the woodland on sandy deposits, logging of any rate led to the increase in numbers of rodents and their predators compared to undisturbed forest. But moderate logging was found to be the most favourable for the community there.
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