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1

Morphometric, biochemical and molecular traits in Caucasian wood mice [Apodemus-Sylvaemus], with remarks on species divergence

100%
Hille A., Tarkhnishvili D., Meinig H., Hutterer R.
Acta Theriologica
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2002
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tom 47
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nr 4
We analysed Caucasian wood mice from Georgia (n = 60) and supplementary reference material of the Apodemus/Sylvaemus species group to evaluate the reliability of taxon identification. Traditional "expert knowledge" plus three different methodological approaches were employed and combined to perceive their discriminatory power for a reliable taxon assignment. Graphs of principal component scores derived from the analysis of 14 skull metrics displayed taxon membership of individuals. Individual multi­-locus (L = 18) electrophoretic profiles were used to re-assess specimens to a specific genepool by an assignment test based on allele frequencies indicative of populational taxon samples of the respective sampling locations. Genotyped individuals were re-allocated to those taxa, for which they yielded the highest probability score. Genetic distances among the taxa were computed and clustered in a neighbour-joining tree. PCR-fragments of 1074bp amplified from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were cut with 2 six- and 4 four-cutter restriction enzymes, and resulting RFLP patterns were analysed phenetically to classify the specimens according to their molecular similarity. Partial cytochrome b sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree by computing neighbour-joining clusters from a matrix of percent nucleotide differences. The power of the combined classification approaches and their congruence is discussed. It is concluded that the joint application of traditional, morphometric and biochemical or genetic tech­niques for taxon allocation of specimens of wood mice encountered problems in species delimitation. The mtDNA topology obtained was not congruent with protein polymor­phism that indicated differential historical and/or recent introgression and incomplete lineage sorting in substructured populations. Cytochrome b sequence DNA data analysed were not as adequate as expected to resolve phylogenetic relationships among Caucasian and European members of the Apodemus-Sylvaemus complex. Altogether, morphometric, biochemical and sequence data sets did not support the hypothesis of the evolutionary independence of European and Caucasian lineages of wood mice. Nonetheless, extended combined morphological and genetic analyses are considered necessary prerequisites to an in-depth study of the evolutionary lineages of the Apodemus/Sylvaemus group. More sequence data of a variety of genes (and plenty of nuclear markers) are needed to resolve the various levels of differentiation of the extant lineages.
2

Phylogenetic discontinuity of Plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi Thomas) populations in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

80%
Tang L., Zhang T., Lin G., Su J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2010
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tom 58
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nr 1
Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences and morphological data (body length, hind foot length, etc.) for twelve populations with pairwise distances 27–600 km in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (distributed in Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan Province, and at the altitude 3020–4550 m) in Western China were used to investigate the phylogeographical pattern of Plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi Thomas). There was a little disparity between mtDNA genetic distance and morphological Euclidean distance on population relationships. However, there is a significant correlation (P <0.001) calculated by Mantel’s tests was validated between mtDNA and morphology distances. Analysis of Molecular Variance showed that most of the observed genetic variations occurred between populations, indicating little maternal gene flow between them, as a result of geographical restrictions. Phylogenetic analysis coupled with cluster analysis together showed that the substantial population structuring and phylogenetic discontinuities existed within this species. The evident allopatric population structuring of this subterranean rodent may mostly result from its specialized subterranean excavating behavior with high energy costs, predation from grassland raptors and also the influences of perennial tundra and environmental desiccation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
3

Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences resolve the taxonomy of field mice (Apodemus) in the western Balkan refugium

80%
Krystufek B., Luznik M., Buzan E. V.
Acta Theriologica
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2012
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tom 57
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nr 1
Apodemus sylvaticus stankovici, described from the topographically rough landscape of the western Balkan glacial refugium, was recently proposed as being either a junior synonym of Apodemus flavicollis or a species on its own right. To untangle this taxonomic vagueness, we sequenced complete cytochrome b gene in 28 field mice collected at 12 locations in the mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, western Macedonia and northern Greece. Samples yielded 27 new haplotypes which clustered into two distinct groups. One of these clades also included the reference haplotype of A. flavicollis, while another cluster emerged as being identical with the reference sample for A. sylvaticus. As is common in Apodemus, both species retrieved in our analysis were characterized by low levels of intraspecific variation (0.4–0.9%) as opposed to a high level of differentiation between them (8.0–10.0%); therefore, the taxonomic classification of our material was without doubt. We found no evidence regarding the presence of an additional cryptic species in the mountains of the western Balkans. The very similar values of genetic variability in the two species imply their common evolutionary history of a long-term coexistence in the western Balkan refugium.
4

Molecular investigation of phylogenetic relationships and phylogeography of Polish pheasants using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence

80%
Czyzowski P., Karpinski M., Drozd L.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Animal Husbandry
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2008
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tom 11
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nr 4
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