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Microbe producing natural herbicides are alternatives to the chemical herbicidal formulations. The effect of minerals and carbon sources were screened to select the best when combined and when apply singly during submerged fermentation. The effect of their phytotoxic metabolites was tested on Chromolaena odorata and Echinochola crus-galli. It was observed that the best combination between all the mineral was found in the combination containing manganese, zinc, bromine and iron. It gave the highest bio-herbicidal activities on the tested weeds when compared with the basal medium without any mineral amendment (P ≤ 0.05). The best carbon source screened was glucose while the best mineral screened was iron in term of showing activities on the tested weeds (P ≤ 0.05).
Cornstarch, waxy cornstarch, potato starch and amylopectin were roasted for 1 hour at 300°C with 10% (w/w) admixture of one of NaCl, NaNO3, KCl, KNO3, MgCl2, and Mg(NO3)2. Addition of these salts affects, to a different extent, the number of free radicals thermally generated from polysaccharides. Free radicals are either O- or C-type. Regardless the mode of application of salts on polysaccharides and salt free radical count is usually negligible. Thus, if such salts are the sole ingredients to starch their presence produces no harm in terms of the formation of free radicals at temperatures usually applied in food process
Effect of non-volatile metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum together with certain salts containing Mg++, Fe+++, Mn++, Cu++, Al+++, Ca++, K++, Na+, PO4--- and SO3--- on the production and length of rhizomorphs of Armillaria borealis, A. gallica and A. ostoyae was studied. In pure medium, T. harzianum exhibited stimulating effect on rhizomorphs of A. borealis (both number and length) and A. ostoyae (only initiation). Cu++ salt totaly inhibited the initiation of rhizomorphs of Armillaria borealis, A. gallica and A. ostoyae. Effect of other compounds on the activity of T. harzianum depended on Armillaria species. The majority of chemical compounds tested supressed the activity of non-volatile metabolites of T. harzianum. Evident stimulating effect was observed under influence of sulphate salts consisting Al++ and Fe+++ on the rhizomorph number of A. borealis and A. gallica, respectively.
The research was aimed at determining the effect of high-pressure homogenization (100 MPa) on the stability of proteins and equilibrium of mineral salts in skim milk and milk standardized to fat content of 2% and 4%. High-pressure homogenization of skim milk evoked a slight increase in the content of protein compounds sedimenting during ultracentrifugation and in a degree of their hydratation. In turn, homogenization of milk with the standardized fat content affected a decrease in the content of proteins in milk plasma as well as in the quantity of sedimenting proteins and in the degree of their hydrations, both observed to intensify along with a higher fat content. In addition, the study demonstrated partial denaturation of whey proteins, an increase in the level of soluble forms of calcium and phosphorus salts, as well as a decrease in heat stability and time of rennet coagulation upon high-pressure homogenization. The changes were observed to intensify along with an increasing content of fat in milk.
Oceniano aktywność mutagenną 7 nowo zsyntetyzowanych kationowych substancji powierzchniowo czynnych (KSPC) przy zastosowaniu testu genotoksyczności na Bacillus subtilis. Wykazano, że w badanych stężeniach związki te nie wykazywały aktywności mutagennej.
The effect of high-pressure (100 MPa) homogenization on some properties of the emulsion phase and colloidal phase of milk standardized to 2% fat or 4% fat were determined in the study. High-pressure homogenization caused a decrease in the size of fat globules and an increase in the level of protein compounds bound to the milk fat fraction, dependent upon the fat content of milk. The process resulted in an increase in the amount of ultracentrifuged sediment, in the level of sedimenting plasma proteins not bound to the milk fat fraction, and in the solubility of calcium salts and phosphorus salts, as well as a decrease in their levels in the colloidal form, related to the fat content of milk. High-pressure homogenization led to slight changes in active acidity and conductivity (increase), as well as to a substantial decrease in heat stability (max. 42.4%) and a shorter rennet coagulation time (max. 34.5%), directly proportional to fat concentration in milk.
This paper reports the effect of increasing concentrations of the salts Li+, K+, Al3ł, Hg2+, Cd2+, Cr3+ on the kinetics of desulfurication in Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria. The ranges of concentration of these salts which do not disturb the desulfurication, inhibit this process and prevent it from occurring have been established.
W doświadczeniach na zwierzętach zbadano właściwości farmakodynamiczne naturalnej średniozmineralizowanej wody alkalicznej z ujęcia „Paproć" w Tymbarku. Stwierdzono, że badana woda działa moczopędnie, neutralizuje sok żołądkowy, wpływa istotnie na pH krwi i moczu, elementy gospodarki elektrolitowej i równowagi kwasowo-zasadowej
Dokonano przeglądu produktów należących do kategorii żywności funkcjonalnej i napojów oraz efektów zdrowotnych ich spożywania. Produkty podzielono na dwie grupy : pierwsza obejmuje przeznaczone dla całej populacji ludzi oraz druga, do której należą produkty przeznaczone dla specyficznej grupy osób. Rozwój napojów funkcjonalnych i żywności jest hamowany w Europie przez brak uregulowań prawnych, które umożliwiłyby producentom przypisanie produktom właściwości zdrowotnych.
Products containing pro- and prebiotics are known as synbiotics. The benefits of pro- and prebiotics on the host include: normalization of the microbial balance in the gastrointestinal tract, increase of mineral bioavailability, reduction of cholesterol level in blood and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of the work was to compare the apparent absorption and retention indexes in rats fed diets containing probiotic or synbiotic soft cheeses. As a probiotic, the strain Lactobacillus plantarum 14 was used, whereas as prebiotics inulin HPX and maltodextrin were used. For 10 days, the animals were fed diets consisting of 61-81% of soft cheese with probiotic (A diet), probiotic and 2,5% of inulin HPX (B diet) and probiotic and 2.5% of maltodextrin (C diet). On the basis of the magnesium concentration in the diets and the urine and faeces excreted during the last 5 days of the experiment, the apparent absorption (A) and retention (R) indexes (%, mg 5 days-1) were calculated. The apparent absorption indexes obtained did not differ statistically among the groups, although the highest value of apparent absorption (A%) was obtained in group B. The apparent retention indexes in group A were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to groups B and C. On the other hand, in B and C groups increased faecal mass was detected, but the inulin influence was stronger than that of maltodextrin. Although the short-term supplementation of rat diets with inulin HPX and maltodextrin did not increase magnesium absorption and retention, their use in probiotic products is reasonable because of the beneficial physiological effects.
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