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It is assumed that progress in cultivar breeding corresponds to over 50% of the increase in cereal yields. Among possible ways of improving the success of fertilisation and, consequently, increasing yields and enhancing the mineral balance in crops is the application of growth regulators. The purpose of this study has been to assess the effect of growth regulators and their doses on the mineral balance in spring triticale. The research was based on a two-factor pot experiment, completed in four replicates. The experiment was carried out in Kick- Brauckmann pots filled with light soil of slightly acidic reaction and highly abundant in available forms of P, moderately abundant in K and poor in Mg. Mineral fertilisation per pot consisted of 1.5 g N, 2.0 g K and 0.25 g Mg. Nitrogen and potassium were applied in two rates – half the complete dose before sowing and the remaining amount as top dressing during the stem elongation phase. All the rate of magnesium was introduced to soil before sowing. Prior to sowing the tested cereal, grain of cv. Migo spring triticale was soaked for 24 hours in water (control) or in aqueous solutions of growth regulators: IBA (indole butyric acid), NAA (α-naphthaleneacetic acid), BAP (benzyl adenine): 5, 10, 20 mg dm–3; GA3 (gibberellin acid): 20, 40, 80 mg dm–3 and Tria (triacontanol): 0.1, 0.2, 0.2 mg dm–3. Spring triticale was harvested in the full maturity stage. An increase in the total nitrogen concentration in grain ranged from 6% following an application of GA3 to 15% after using NAA. Owing to its increased concentration and higher yield of triticale, the accumulation of nitrogen in grain increased by about 20% in plants treated with NAA and by 15-17% when the seed material was dressed with Tria, BAP or GA3. IBA produced the weakest effect, increasing the accumulation of this nutrient in grain by just 8%. This effect was obtained mainly by improved remobilisation and transport of N from vegetative parts to grain. The contribution of grain to nitrogen accumulation varied from 63% (control) to 71-73% after an application of the tested growth regulators. Under the influence of IBA, the concentration of potassium (by 14%) and the share of straw in potassium accumulation increased. In respect of the other macronutrients, the influence of growth regulators was less evident.
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Selenium is an essential element for humans, animals and some species of microorganisms. In higher plants, however, the role of selenium is still unclear. Because selenium enrichment may influence the nutrient balance of plants, a study was done to test the effects of selenite-Se (Na2SeO3⋅5H2O) on selected macronutrients content in maize (Zea mays L. var. saccharata Kcke. cv. Złota Karłowa) seedlings. Plants were grown in Hoagland I nutrient solution (pH 6,2) amended with selenite at 0 (control), 5, 25, 50 and 100 μmol⋅dm-3 for 14 days. The dry weight of the shoots was then analyzed for phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) content. Phosphorus and calcium content increased, while potassium content decreased with increasing selenium treatments. No significant differences were found for magnesium level. Plant growth was affected by excessive selenium concentration. At low concentration (5 μmol⋅dm-3), selenium tended to stimulate the plant growth and the root elongation but at higher concentrations (50 and 100 μmol⋅dm-3) the dry mass accumulation and root tolerance index severely decreased. The study revealed that disturbances of growth and reduction of plant’s biomass at the presence of high selenium concentrations in the nutrient solution may have resulted from the disturbance of mineral balance of plants, namely accumulation of large amounts of calcium and phosphorus in shoot tissues.
The aim of this work was to obtain comparative evaluation of the content of calcium (both the total and ionic forms), magnesium and phosphorus in the blood serum of goats during three physiological states characterized by much instability of the mineral balance. The study involved 15 goats, divided into 3 groups in different physiological states (breeding season, pregnancy, lactation period). The study showed that the mean content of the ionic form of calcium (A,D – 1.210; B,E – 1.135; C,F – 1.115) and total calcium (A,D –1.640; B,E – 2.075; C,F – 2.045) in all the groups was within the range reference concentrations. It can be thought that the low content of calcium was caused by its deficiency in fodder and unstable hormonal balance (pregnancy and lactation period). The reason why the mean content of calcium did not reach the reference level for this species was a high content of P (A,D – 1.650; B,E – 2.040; C,F – 2.125) and Mg (A,D – 0.970; B,E – 1.415; C,F – 0.990) in blood serum.
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