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The daily distribution of milkings of cows in farms equipped with the automatic milking system

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Piwczynski D., Sitkowska B., Aerts J., Kolenda M.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica
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2013
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tom 12
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nr 4
The material of the study consisted of 140 cows of PHF breed, reared in the farm equipped with the automatic milking system (AMS). Cows in different lactations (from 1 to 5) were reared in the period from May 2011 to April 2013. The daily distribution of milkings (12, two-hours periods) was analyzed according to: cows’ age (primiparous and multiparous), the average milk production per milking during the whole lactation (<12.5 kg, ≥12.5 kg) and season (spring, summer, autumn, winter). The statistical analysis was conducted with the use of the χ2 independence test. It was noted that the daily distribution of milkings was statistically conditioned by all analyzed factors. The first peak of the increased milking frequency was obtained during midday hours and the next one during late night hours, i.e. during hours that are generally different from the typical milking hours in farms that do not use AMS. The lowest milking frequency was recorded during milking hours typical for farms that do not use the AMS.
2
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Changes to the HACCP system in a dairy farm due to the installment of an automatic milking system

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Lencses E., Kovacs A., Dunay A., Meszaros K.
Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu
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2014
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tom 16
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nr 6
The main aim of this study is to summarize the steps of operation of an automatic milking system. The milking system is used in a fresh milk producing farm: the Józsefmajor Experimental and Demonstration Farm of the Szent István University of Gödöllő. The use of automatic milking robot system is unique in Hungary and also in Europe. The installation of the milking robot changed the steps of the formerly installed HACCP system and made the milking process more simple: due to the fully automatic milking process there are less physical and biological critical points. In summary, automatic milking system helps to harmonize the milking, feeding and relaxing period of the herd, and also makes the compliance with food safety regulations easier. The second aim of this study to define the possible cost-benefit changes due to the automatic milking system in the dairy farm. Further aim of this study to shows economic methods which help the farmers to make decision about milking systems.
3

Relationship between various phases of milk flow at mechanical milking system and the somatic cell count in cow's milk

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Mijic P., Knezevic I., Domacinovic M., Ivankovic A., Ivkic Z.
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences
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2005
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tom 14
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nr 3
483-490
4
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Indicators for milk production by milking pipeline machine in pasture and cowshed system of cow maintenance

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Gaworski M., Kocieda B., Drozdz B.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Agriculture
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2017
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nr 70
5
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Highly repetitive work operations in a modern milking system. A case study of wrist positions and movements in a rotary system

80%
Stal M., Pinzke S., Hansson G. A., Kolstrup C.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
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2003
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tom 10
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nr 1
With the use of electrogoniometers wrist positions and movements were measured in 13 milkers while working in a modern rotary milking system. The rotary system put considerable demands on the wrists and hands regarding both velocities and repetitiveness. Values were found close to those described in other repetitive industrial work with high risk of wrist and hand disorders. For the right hand the repetitiveness was 0.57 Hz and 0.46 Hz for the left hand. In addition, the median value (50th percentile) of the angular velocity distribution was also high, being 36°/s for the right hand and 26°/s for the left, and with respect to the peak value (90th percentile) the corresponding values were 155°/s and 135°/s, respectively. Furthermore, when milking in the rotary system, there was less possibility to hold the hands still than in the other milking systems. The right hand rested only 1.4% of the milking time and the left only 1.0%. The hands were therefore moving throughout almost the entire milking procedure. High velocity, repetitiveness and fewer opportunities for rest are risk factors that might lead to disorders in the wrists and hands. Regarding wrist positions, the left wrist was held in a more dorsiflexed position than the right, 37° and 29°, respectively. Compared with tethering and loose-housing parlour milking, the wrist positions were, however, improved in the rotary system. When introducing new milking systems these negative effects on wrist and hand movements must be borne in mind in order to minimize the prevalence of wrist and hand disorders.
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