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Variation in the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme and endogenous precursors of unsaturated fatty acids in cow's milk during grazing season. The aim of this study was to determine variation in the activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme and endogenous precursors of unsaturated fatty acids in cow's milk during the grazing season. The study was carried out in 10 certified organic farms The major criterions of choosing organic farms to the experiment were as follows: obtaining certificate for at least 5 years and abidance of the organic farming standards, possessing a herd of Black and White Polish Holstein-Friesian cows (numbering more than 30 cow. The highest concentrations of CLA cis9, trans11 isomer, TVA and LA in milk fat has been reported in June, slightly lower in July and August. While the lowest level has been recorded in May, at the beginning of grazing period. Significant correlations between MUFA and SCD (r2= 0.828 p<0.01) has been recorded. We concluded, that monitoring of SCD activity can be used as a tool to achieve high unsaturation of milk fat, during grazing period.
Effect of the backfat thickness at point P2 during insemination on the selected parameters of colostrum and milk of the sows. The studies included 32 females F1 (PL x PLW), inseminated with the semen from Duroc boars. The females were assigned to two groups: L – “lean” sows: P2 ≤18 mm at mating (n=16 heads) and F – “fat” sows: P2 >18 mm (n=16 heads). The observations were carried on from the day of effective mating /insemination throughout the period of gestation and nutrition until weaning (35 day of lactation). Fatness of the sows (measurements of backfat thickness at points P2 and P4) and their muscling (height of M. longissimus dorsi at point P4M) at mating and in high pregnancy (104±1-2 day of gestation) were controlled. The samples of colostrum and milk were collected from all sows (64 samples in total). Basic chemical compositions, somatic cell count – SCC and active acidity – pH, were determined. Thickness of backfat at point P2 did not have any influence on chemical composition of colostrum and milk, SCC and pH; in spite of it. The control of the sows’ condition is justified as there was indicated a significant difference (P≤0.05) in the content of lactose (21. day) in favour of group F vs. L (0.56 pp). The mentioned result indicates the need of continuing the studies because lactose is a valuable, easily assimilated component of mother feed for the newborns.
Quality of chosen herbal species from meadow and grazing herbage were evaluated. Dry matter, crude protein, ash, fat and fibre were analyzed. Herbage sampling was realized on three pastures of cattle with higher altitudes. Samples were compared with meadow herbage. Grass and herbage are the most natural and optimal feedstuff for cattle. Grazing management should notably regulate the pasture composition, i.e. support dominance of soft stoloniserous strains of grasses and decrease occurrence of weed and less value strain of gramineous grasses. The impact of grazing on milk performance and health of dairy cows was surveyed on sub-moun- tain farms. The higher milk, fat and protein yields were found in grazing season in comparison with winter confinement period.
The study involved the use of Echinapur preparation, containing Echinacea purpurea extract, to promote milk lactoferrin secretion, and – as a result of its antibacterial properties – to reduce inflammatory changes in the goat’s mammary gland. Ten goats with the highest somatic cell count (SCC) of milk were selected from the flock and treated for two weeks with Echinapur. In order to estimate treatment effectiveness, milk was examined for lactoferrin (Lf) concentration, SCC, bacteria counts as colony forming units (CFU) and yield and gross composition of milk, before and at the end of treatment, and then 2 and 4 weeks later. Milk Lf content was determined using the RP-HPLC technique,and milk SCC, CFU and chemical composition were determined instrumentally. Treatment resulted in a transient (P<0.01) decrease of milk protein content below the initial level, compensated by a gradual increase of milk yield (24% over the pre-treatment value). A substantial increase in milk Lf content, with a maximum response (P<0.01) at 2 weeks after the end of treatment, was accompanied by a gradual reduction (P<0.01) in SCC and CFU compared to initial values. This is the first report showing the feasibility of promoting Lf secretion in order to reduce inflammatory changes in the goat mammary gland.
In the Czech Republic, dairy sheep have traditionally been used as a dual-purpose species, generating income from both milk and meat. The functionality and health of the mammary gland are directly correlated with milk production, as well as with the hygiene and quality of milk and dairy products. Mastitis is one of the main infectious diseases in dairy sheep. One of the candidate genes that affect milk production traits is the ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) gene. The ABCG2 gene, a member of the ATP-binding cassette family, transports cytostatic and xenobiotic drugs across the cytoplasmic membrane. The study was based on 1747 records from 387 head of dairy sheep of the Lacaune breed (139) and the East Friesian breed (248). The analysis was performed by means of polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood. Phenotype data used in the study were provided by the Association of Sheep and Goat Breeders in the Czech Republic (ASGB). We typed all three genotypes: DD, DI and II. In the Lacaune breed, the frequency of occurrence of the major D allele was 0.694, and the minor I allele had a frequency of occurrence of 0.306. In contrast, in East Friesian sheep the frequency of allele D was 0.216 and that of allele I was 0.784. Mutation c.683-80_46del in the intron 5 region of the ABCG2 gene confirmed the effect on somatic cell count in the dairy sheep population observed in this study. Further studies are needed to evaluate this possible association in other sheep breed populations. Mutation c.683-80_46del in intron 5 of the ABCG2 gene could be used as a candidate gene for somatic cell count.
Relation between the shape and course of lactation curve and production traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian and Montbeliarde cows. The aim of the study was to examine the relation between shape and course of lactation curve and production traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian and Montbeliarde cows kept under various production systems. The production parameters were based on cows records developed by Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Producers and involved 1374 lactations. For estimation of lactation curve parameters Wood’s model was applied. The influence of breed, lactation number and type of the farm on Wood’s parameters were analyzed. The relations between shape and curse of the lactation curve on daily production and milk chemical composition were investigated. Analysis revealed that standard shape of the lactation curve was the most often observed, the significantly higher frequency was observed in mo than phf cows. Cows with standard lactation curve characterized by the highest production and the best milk quality. The significant influence of breed, lactation number and farm type on Wood’s parameters were stated. Cow with less dynamic changes in milk production during lactation characterized by significantly better production parameters.
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