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Seed coat microsculpturing in Gingko biloba L. cultivars

100%

Klimko M., Korszun S., Kolasinski M.

Steciana

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2016

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tom 20

|

nr 3

This article presents the results of a study on seed coat micromorphology and epicuticular structure of Ginkgo biloba cultivars. The micromorphology of the seed coat of 10 cultivars and one clone of female G. biloba were analysed. The taxa differed in the size and shape. Homogeneous epicuticular wax deposited in the form of wax tubules on the sarcotesta and sclerotesta surfaces. There were great differences in wax between the outer and inner layer of the sarcotesta. In the endotesta wax was diversified in the form of tubules, platelets or it was mixed. The article includes descriptions and illustrations of several micromorphological features which have not been published previously. The results of the SEM and LM investigation confirmed the taxonomic significance of the micromorphological traits in the Ginkgo genus. In the seeds many characters are present in of all the taxa and may be typical of Ginkgo.

2

Epidermal micromorphology of Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. ex Harz (Poaceae)

100%

Klimko M., Nowinska R., Czarna A.

Steciana

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2015

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tom 19

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nr 2

This paper presents the macromorphological and micromorphological characteristics of wood barley recorded in the Wielkopolska Lowland. On the basis of the collection of preserved specimens, the micromorphological features were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to assess their taxonomic value. The principal features include the size and shape of cork/silica cells, crown cells, prickles, macro-hairs and stomata as well as the morphology of long cells in vegetative and reproductive organs.

3

Variability of seeds of the invasive species Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Balsaminaceae) and their micromorphology

86%

Maciejewska-Rutkowska I., Janczak B.

Steciana

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2016

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tom 20

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nr 4

The aim of the work was to estimate the range of morphological variability of seeds of the Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), from different sites within Poland. It was also verified whether there was a correlation between morphological variability of seeds and type of vegetation from which they originated. Additionally, the seed coat ultrastructure of this species was studied. Biometrical analysis showed remarkable variability of seed morphology. A significant relationship between seed size and type of vegetation was also revealed. However, there was no clear relationship between seed mass and type of vegetation. Based on the structure and ornamentation of epidermal cells, the rugosely ruminate seed coat type was proposed.

4

Diversity of labellar micromorphological structures in selected species of Malaxidinae [Orchidales]

86%

Kowalkowska A., Margonska H. B.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2009

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tom 78

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nr 2

141-150

There are no papers examining the labellar micromorphology in Malaxidinae in detail. The aim of this paper is to present the results of labellar micromorphology of our studies on Malaxidinae. The micromorphology of nine species was examined and described (calli, nectaries, OP structures, concavities). These species are divided into six groups of which the lip morphology probably represents different forms of attracting and rewarding pollinators. Group one consists of Disticholiparis gregaria and Platystyliparis aurita with characteristic globular nectary and pad-like callus. The second group with Liparis nervosa has two conelike convexities. The third one is represented by Liparis sutupensis with spread lip, the basal callus, and the epichile often eroding with age. The fourth group (Stichorkis cespitosum) has a massive hypochil with basal callus and delicate epichil. The fifth group (Microstylis ophioglossoides, Dienia ophrydis) is characterized by a lip with developed lateral lobes, three deep concavities in the middle part, an erect callus, and many raphide cells.Crepidium cf. rheedii and Crepidium dryadum from the sixth group have a three-lobed lip with entire or toothed mid-lobe, basal callus, cavity surrounded by a rim and OP structures with raphide cells. We also emphasized the different way and place of nectar secretion in the subtribe and gave some suggestions about pollination strategies.

5

Characteristics of flower nectaries of Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae)

86%

Konarska A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2014

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tom 13

|

nr 3

The structure of floral nectaries of ivy (Hedera helix) was investigated under light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. The nectar of ivy is located on top of the inferior ovary forming a distinct undulating disc between the base of petals and the style. The ivy nectary represents open and persistent nectaries. During consecutive days of anthesis, nectaries change their colour from green to brown. The secretory epidermis is covered with a thick, deeply striated cuticle, and nectar is released by nectarostomata. Epidermal cells exhibited plastids with plastoglobules and a few starch grains as well as vacuoles containing anthocyanins, the content of which increased during the successive days of anthesis and nectar secretion. Multi-layered glandular parenchyma and, underneath, subglandular tissue are located under the epidermis. The nectary was supplied by vascular bundles with phloem and xylem. Numerous chloroplasts were visible in the cytoplasm of the external layers of glandular parenchyma; they were either typical with small starch grains or untypical with circular arrangement of thylakoids. Amyloplasts containing storage starch grains and numerous small vacuoles were present in the cells of deeper layers of the nectar-bearing tissue. Druses, flocculent residue, myelin figures and spherical deposits of unknown origin were visible in the gland parenchyma vacuoles.

6

Micromorphology and anatomy of fruits of Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) and their intraspecific differentiation

86%

Forycka A., Morozowska M.

Herba Polonica

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2020

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tom 66

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nr 4

7

Micromorphology of pollen grains of fruit trees of the genus Prunus

86%

Chwil M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2015

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tom 14

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nr 4

The micromorphological characteristics of the pollen grain sculpture is one of the most important diagnostic traits in plants. Pollen grains in various species of the subfamily Prunoideae are characterized by variations in size, shape and exine sculpture. In the present work, for the first time, the micromorphology of pollen grains of fourteen cultivars from five fruit tree species of the genus Prunus was compared. Morphometric observations and analysis of pollen grains were performed using light and electron scanning microscopy. In terms of size, the pollen grains studied were classified as medium sized and large. Their shape was determined to be prolate, subprolate, or prolate spheroidal. The striae in the exine of P. armeniaca run parallel and can be branched or curved. The sculpture of P. persica grains shows elongated extending paralel regular and irregular striae, dichotomously branched. Regularly arranged, or at places branched, striae are found in the exine of P. avium pollen grains. The ornamentation of P. cerasus grains is composed of elongated striae, sometimes slightly curved or with a tendency to intertwine. The exine of P. domestica grains is characterized by forked, arched striae. The stria thickness differs significantly between cultivars within the species, while the groove width differs only between some species and cultivars. The obtained results on the exine sculpture of pollen grains can be used in the taxonomy of species of the genus Prunus.

8

Anatomy, palynology, seed and leaf micromorphology of Turkish endemic Allium brevicaule Boiss. & Balansa and Allium scorodoprasum ssp. rotundum (L.) Stearn

86%

Ulcay S.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2022

|

tom 64

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nr 1

9

Seed coat patterns in rapid-cycling Brassica forms

86%

Karcz J., Ksiazczyk T., Maluszynska J.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2005

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tom 47

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nr 1

The micromorphological typology of seed surfaces was investigated in rapid-cycling Brassica (RCBr) forms, using scanning electron microscopy. Four types of basic ornamentation pattern were recognized: reticulate (B. rapa, B. juncea), reticulate-foveolate (B. nigra), randomly reticulate (B. oleracea, B. napus) and reticulate-rugose (B. carinata). The seed coats showed variation in the shape and size of the testa epidermal cells and the structure of the outer periclinal and anticlinal cell walls. The surface patterns in RCBr seeds were less exposed and were moderately reticulated compared to cultivated Brassica species. The micromorphological characteristics of the seed coats may provide valuable additional diagnostic criteria for delimitation of RCBr forms, and can be used in identification of seeds.

10

Micromorphology of stamens of some species of the genus Sansevieria petagna (Asparagaceae)

72%

Klimko M., Wysakowska I., Wilkin P., Wiland-Szymanska J.

Steciana

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2017

|

tom 21

|

nr 2

The paper presents in the first time the results of a micromorphological study on stamens of Sansevieria species. Flowers of 15 species obtained from herbarium specimens deposited at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Botanical Garden Berlin-Dahlem and the Botanical Garden in Poznań were studied. Observations were conducted under a light and a scanning electron microscope. The study revealed significant differences between the outer and inner surfaces of anthers. All species have a well-defined endothecium of enlarged cells with a U-shaped or helical secondary wall thickening. The article includes descriptions and illustrations of several quantitative and qualitative features of anthers and filaments of some Sansevieria species. Our study indicates that stamen micromorphology may be taxonomically significant.

11

The location of nectaries and nectar secretion in the flowers of Allium giganteum Regel

72%

Zuraw B., Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Laskowska H., Pogroszewska E.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2010

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tom 63

|

nr 2

In the flowers of Allium there are found septal nectaries; in particular species, their outlet can be located in different parts of the ovary. The inflorescences of these plants are a rich source of nectar for insects. The location and structure of septal nectaries in the flowers of Allium giganteum Regel were investigated. Light and scanning electron microscopy was used. The septal nectaries were found to be located in the lower part of the ovary and in the gynophore on which the ovary is borne. Nectar is secreted into the nectary slits from which it flows through the ducts to three openings located in the upper part of the gynophore, from whence it gets outside in the vicinity of the expanded parts of the filaments. Sugar concentration in the nectar of A. giganteum averaged 54.5%, while sugar weight per flower was determined to be 0.36 mg. When converted into sugar weight per inflorescence, numbering more than 2,000 flowers, it was 771.7 mg.

12

Notes on the self-pollination in Dendrobium biflorum (Orchidales, Dendrobiinae)

72%

Kowalkowska A. K., Margonska H. B.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2012

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tom 81

|

nr 3

The conditions favouring self-pollination are determined for a species of Dendrobium Sw. A survey of gynostemium micromorphology in collected flowers of Dendrobium biflorum revealed two stages of a unique form of autogamy: on germination of pollen tetrads, pollen tubes reached the stigmatic region without the pollen being displaced from the anther locules. This is the first time for this type of autogamy to be reported in Dendrobium biflorum. Pollen grains germinated directly from the locules, bypassing the stigma or falling or sliding down onto the stigmatic surface. The pollen tubes were long and reached the stylar canal. On The Society Islands, differences in exposure of the habitats to weather conditions and altitude gradients influence both composition and form of the vegetation, as well as the occurrence of pollinators. The form of autogamy described here may be the usual method of pollination found on The Society Islands (and even the whole of French Polynesia), where suitable pollinators are absent and/or growth conditions stressful.

13

The position and structure of the nectary in spring heath (Erica carnea L.) flowers

72%

Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M., Wrobel M.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2009

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tom 62

|

nr 2

Ecological traits of Erica carnea L. flowers and the morphology of floral nectaries were investigated using stereoscopic, light and scanning electron microscopy. The nectary in the flowers of Erica carnea is located in the basal part of the ovary. It represents the gynoecial nectary type. It has the form of a yellow, ribbed ring with eight outgrowths, pointed towards the base, which alternately adjoin the stamen filaments. The height of the nectary is 400 μm and its thickness 200 – 250 μm. The parenchyma of the nectary is composed of 6 – 8 layers. Nectar secretion occurs through anomocytic stomata with a diameter of 17 μm. Guard cells are only found on the outgrowths of the nectary and they are situated most frequently at the level of other epidermal cells. During nectar secretion, a small degree of pore opening was observed. In the flowers of Erica carnea, secondary nectar presentation was found, with the nectar accumulating at the base of the fused corolla.

14

The structure of septal nectaries and nectar presentation in the flowers of Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch.

72%

Zuraw B., Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Laskowska H., Pogroszewska E.

Acta Agrobotanica

|

2009

|

tom 62

|

nr 2

The location and structure of the septal nectaries in the flowers of Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch. were studied. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used for examination. It has been shown that the septal nectaries are located in the lower part of the ovary and in the gynophore on which the ovary is borne. Nectar is secreted through the single-layered epidermis surrounding three nectary slits and nectar release occurs through three openings located at the base of the gynophore, which are the outlets of the ducts connected to the nectary slits. The expanded and fused bases of the stamen filaments and the tepals participate in secondary nectar presentation. In the flowers of Allium aflatunense, numerous purple elements: tepals, filaments, style and pedicle, perform the role of a colour attractant. On the intensely green ovary, there occur glistening conical outgrowths of epidermal cells, which may also function as signal attractants.

15

Ecological adaptations of the floral structures of Galanthus nivalis L.

72%

Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2010

|

tom 63

|

nr 2

The structure of the flowers of Galanthus nivalis shows adaptations to early spring flowering conditions as well as adaptations to entomogamy. The tepals produce colour marks and odorous substances. The aim of the present study was to determine the micromorphology and anatomy of tepals, in particular in the regions comprising colour marks which, in accordance with the literature data, emit essential oils. Examination was performed using light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. Large protrusions, corresponding to the location of the green stripes, were found to occur on the adaxial surface of the inner tepals. The epidermal cells in this part of the tepals produce a cuticle with characteristic ornamentation as well as numerous stomata with well-developed outer cuticular ledges. The wide opening of many stomata is evidence of high activity in this area. The fluorescence microscopy images confirm the high activity of the epidermis (scent emission), on both sides of the tepals, as well as of the chloroplast- containing mesophyll. In the abaxial epidermis, there were observed different-sized papillae that also participated in essential oil secretion. The polarization of the epidermal cell protoplasts, large cell nuclei, and the presence of large vacuoles with heterogeneous contents in the peripheral part of the cells correspond to the structural features of the tissues emitting odorous compounds in flowers – osmophores. In freshly opened flowers, the mesophyll of the central part of the perianth segments was composed of several cell layers, whereas in older flowers large air ducts formed, which are adaptations to environmental thermal conditions.

16

Micromorphology and anatomy of leaves of Morus alba L. (Moraceae) cultivars from Poland

72%

Klimko M.

Steciana

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2016

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tom 20

|

nr 2

The article presents results of research on the micromorphology and anatomy of leaves of Morus alba cultivars. Mature leaves from generative shoots were collected in the Cytadela Park in Poznań and from trees planted along streets in different towns in the Wielkopolska region. A light microscope and a scanning electron microscope were used for observations. There were significant differences between the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The idioblasts are found on the adaxial surface and stomata on the abaxial surface. Stomata can be classified into two types small and large. Several types of trichomes were recognized on the leaves: straight or hooked, unicellular, glandular capitate, spherical to elliptic stalked. Anatomical investigations revealed that leaves of M. alba cultivars were bifacial and the multi-layered mesophyll was diversified into palisade parenchyma and spongy palisade-like parenchyma. The research findings may be used for the identification of M. alba cultivars, while the epicuticular traits may be useful for the identification and classification of fragments of fossil leaves. The article includes descriptions and illustrations of several new quantitative and qualitative characters of the petiole and lamina, which have not been published previously and are described for the first time from Poland.

17

Characteristics of blooming, floral nectaries and nectar of Malus sargentii Rehd.

72%

Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Dmitruk M.

Acta Agrobotanica

|

2009

|

tom 62

|

nr 1

In the years 2007-2008, the flowering biology of Malus sargentii, an ornamental apple tree native to Japan, was studied in the conditions of Lublin (Poland). The daily rate of flower opening, flowering duration and flower visitation by insects were determined. The amount of nectar produced per flower and sugar content in the nectar were investigated. The size of nectaries and the micromorphology of their surface were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the greatest amount of flowers opened between 11.00 and 13.00. During this time, the largest number of insects was observed in the flowers. Bees (90%) were predominant among the insects, with a much smaller number of bumblebees (6%) and butterflies (4%). The flower life span was 5 days. Over this period, the flower produced, on the average, 0.71 mg of nectar with an average sugar content of 32%. The nectaries of Malus sargentii are orange-yellow coloured and they represent the hypanthial type. Due to the protrusion of the nectariferous tissue, they are classified as automorphic nectaries. The surface of the epidermal cells of the nectary was distinguished by distinct cuticle folds. A small number of stomata were located only in the basal part of the nectary. At the beginning of flowering, all stomata were closed, but secretion traces were observed near well-developed outer cuticular ledges.

18

Micromorphology of the floral elements, the structure of the nectary, and the apicultural value of Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.

72%

Chwil M., Weryszko-Chmielewska E.

Acta Agrobotanica

|

2011

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tom 64

|

nr 1

The investigations were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. The flowers of Elaeagnus commutata grow in clusters of 1-4 in the leaf axils. They are actinomorphic, four-lobed, with a single perianth that is yellow from the adaxial side, while the abaxial side is silvery-white. Peltate hairs of different structure are found on both surfaces of the sepals. The conical epidermal cells of the lobes are covered with a thick striated cuticle. Cylindrical hairs were observed on the edges of the lobes. Peltate hairs also grew on the style. The dish-shaped nectary gland is located at the base of the style. Nectar is secreted through numerous, evenly distributed stomata located above or at the level of other epidermal cells. Different stages of stomatal development are evidence of the asynchronous functioning of the stomata. The nectary consists of small epidermal cells and 5-6 layers of secretory parenchyma. The deeper layers of the gland are composed of larger cells of subglandular parenchyma in which vascular bundles supplying the nectary run. Honey bees were the main pollinators of silverberry. Ten silverberry flowers produced an average of 12 g of nectar with a sugar concentration in the 29.5-34.5% range. The weight of pollen produced by 10 flowers was 3.33 mg.

19

Are there seed pedestals in Lentibulariaceae?

72%

Plachno B. J., Clivati D., De Miranda V. F. O., Swiatek P.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

|

2009

|

tom 51

|

nr 2

115-118

The term "seed pedestal" was introduced recently to describe a structure of placental origin connecting a seed with the placenta. Seed pedestals are widespread in Scrophulariaceae and a few adjacent families, but have not been found in Lentibulariaceae so far. Here their presence is reported for Utricularia reniformis from Brazil, and their formation during seed development is described. We observed that the formation of this structure was strictly associated with seed development; seed pedestals were not formed under aborted (unfertilized) ovules

20

Flowering biology and nectary structure of Melissa officinalis L.

72%

Chwil M.

Acta Agrobotanica

|

2009

|

tom 62

|

nr 2

The present study on lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) covered flowering biology, monitoring of pollinating insects and floral nectary structure. The micromorphology of epidermal cells of the nectary was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The nectariferous tissues were observed using light microscopy based on semi-thin sections. Lemon balm flowered from the second decade of June until September. Buds opened from early morning hours until noon. Flowers lived for 24 hours, on the average. Their primary pollinator was the honey bee. The beginning of nectar secretion was found to be at the bud swell stage. The automorphic nectary forms a disc with four protrusions at the base of the nectary. Three smaller ones and one larger than the other ones were distinguished among them. No stomata were found on the lower protuberances, whereas on the highest part anomocytic stomata were present, the number of which was 15. The stomata exhibited different development stages and they were situated above other epidermal cells. In their outline, they were ellipsoidally shaped (18 x 23 μm) and they had average-sized cuticular ledges. They produced a smooth cuticle and wax granules. In cross section, the nectary tissues were composed of a singlelayered epidermis and 9 – 11 layers of the nectary parenchyma. Their thickness was 198 μm. In longitudinal section, the height of the nectary was within a range of 354 – 404 μm. The epidermal cells produced thin outer cell walls. Some of them were completely filled with strongly stained cytoplasm, whereas others showed a high degree of vacuolisation. But the nectary parenchyma cells were marked by poorly stained cytoplasm, a large nucleus and vacuolisation of varying degree.

Ograniczanie wyników

Seed coat microsculpturing in Gingko biloba L. cultivars

Epidermal micromorphology of Hordelymus europaeus (L.) Jess. ex Harz (Poaceae)

Variability of seeds of the invasive species Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Balsaminaceae) and their micromorphology

Diversity of labellar micromorphological structures in selected species of Malaxidinae [Orchidales]

Characteristics of flower nectaries of Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae)

Micromorphology and anatomy of fruits of Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) and their intraspecific differentiation

Micromorphology of pollen grains of fruit trees of the genus Prunus

Anatomy, palynology, seed and leaf micromorphology of Turkish endemic Allium brevicaule Boiss. & Balansa and Allium scorodoprasum ssp. rotundum (L.) Stearn

Seed coat patterns in rapid-cycling Brassica forms

Micromorphology of stamens of some species of the genus Sansevieria petagna (Asparagaceae)

The location of nectaries and nectar secretion in the flowers of Allium giganteum Regel

Notes on the self-pollination in Dendrobium biflorum (Orchidales, Dendrobiinae)

The position and structure of the nectary in spring heath (Erica carnea L.) flowers

The structure of septal nectaries and nectar presentation in the flowers of Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch.

Ecological adaptations of the floral structures of Galanthus nivalis L.

Micromorphology and anatomy of leaves of Morus alba L. (Moraceae) cultivars from Poland

Characteristics of blooming, floral nectaries and nectar of Malus sargentii Rehd.

Micromorphology of the floral elements, the structure of the nectary, and the apicultural value of Elaeagnus commutata Bernh. ex Rydb.

Are there seed pedestals in Lentibulariaceae?

Flowering biology and nectary structure of Melissa officinalis L.