The study focused on determining the micromorphological features of the Bsm horizon in a soil with bog iron ore. The study site is located within an ancient terrace of the Vistula River valley in the Wilanów district of Warsaw. The studied horizon comprised three layers with different microstructure and mineral compositions. The upper Bsm layer contained a complex microstructure consisting of aggregates, fragments of ferrihydrite and a low quantity of quartz grains. The middle Bsm layer consisted of a massive microstructure comprising densely packed goethite, ferrihydrite, amorphic iron oxides and single quartz grains. The lower layer of Bsm consisted of quartz grains (approx. 75%) and amorphic iron compounds concentrated in the pores between grains, resulting in a massive microstructure. The massive microstructure points to an intense and continuous process of iron compounds accumulation. The lower layer was the boundary layer through which iron was transported into the middle layer by capillary rise.
The study involved screening and SEM analysis of the micromorphological features of the abaxial leaf surface of ordinary epidermal cells, stomata and trichomes of two varieties of Quercus cerris L. The results indicated features distinguishing the two varieties: in var. austriaca the wax is present as crystalloids in the form of simple platelets, while in var. cerris the wax appears as a smooth layer. Moreover, the results point to some special characteristics of Q. cerris in relation to other Quercus species. The approximately square, not ellipsoid, shape of the peristomatal rims is typical of the species Q. cerris L.
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