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The marine eustigmatophycean microalga Nannochloropsis (Monallantus) salina Hibberd was cultivated in a batch culture in the presence of various concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of an aqueous extract of diesel fuel oil in order to assess the influence of the pollutant on the growth and certain physiological responses of the microalga. The growth data revealed a significant negative effect of the various pollutant concentrations on the algal cell number (p≤0.05). However, at the midlogarithmic growth phase (day 8), the algal cells were analysed for chlorophyll a, β-glucan, amino acid pool, C/N ratio and elemental composition. According to our results, N. salina was significantly affected by the pollution with regard to the different physiological parameters examined, and this significance may be negative, positive or variable. The effect of the pollutant on cellular β-glucan and the total amount of amino acids was negative;h owever, the composition of the cellular amino acid pool remained unaffected. A positive effect of the pollutant on cellular chl a and the C/N ratio was observed. In addition, the pollutant showed variable effects on the composition of different elements, as shown by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Also, an existence correlation between different elements was statistically reported.
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Physical methods of microalgal biomass pretreatment

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The prospect of depletion of natural energy resources on the Earth forces researchers to seek and explore new and alternative energy sources. Biomass is a composite resource that can be used in many ways leading to diversity of products. Therefore, microalgal biomass offers great potential. The main aim of this study is to find the best physical method of microalgal bio- mass pretreatment that guarantees efficient lipid extraction. These studies identifies biochemical composition of microalgal biomass as source for biodisel production. The influence of drying at dif- ferent temperatures and lyophilization was investigated. In addi- tion, wet and untreated biomass was examined. Cell disruption (sonication and microwave) techniques were used to improve lipid extraction from wet biomass. Additionally, two different extrac- tion methods were carried out to select the best method of crude oil extraction. The results of this study show that wet biomass after sonication is the most suitable for extraction. The fatty acid com- position of microalgal biomass includes linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linolenic acid (C18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which play a key role in biodiesel production.
Providing the optimal temperature is a means of increasing the effectiveness of methane fermentation processes. The use of an electromagnetic microwave field enables energy to be directed to a mixture of anaerobic sludge and processed biomass this reduces energy losses. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of electromagnetic microwave radiation in stimulating thermal conditions in anaerobic reactors, on the effectiveness of methane fermentation process of microalgae biomass and on the qualitative composition of biogas produced. The quantity of gaseous metabolites of anaerobic bacteria produced in both experimental variants (convective and microwave heating) averaged approximat’s 450 cm³ g⁻¹ VS. The electromagnetic microwave radiation proved to have an immediate impact on the improvement in the qualitative composition of biogas produced. The stimulation of thermal conditions using electric heaters resulted in a methane contetnt of 65% in biogas, whereas the use of microwaves assured ca. 69% in sewage gas.
Botryococcus braunii (N-836) produced 60 - 73 % hydrocarbons on dry weight basis, of which C34 botryococcene was found to be the major hydrocarbon, constituting about 50 - 76 % of total content throughout the experimental studies. Major fatty acids present in this organism were C18:1 and C16:0. Saturated hydrocarbons like docosane, hexacosane and heptacosane were also found to be produced by the organism. Methyl branched fatty ac ids, were identified as 16-methyl heptadecanoic and 5, 9, 13 - trimethyl tetradecanoic acids by GC-MS. Maximum hydrocarbon accumulation was observed during third week of its growth.
An autochthonous community of benthic diatoms was discovered in June 2015 in the upper sediment layer at depths of 170, 205, and 245 m in the central Barents Sea. At least three benthic microalgae species (Gyrosigma fasciola, Pleurosigma angulatum, and Pleurosigma sp. 1) were detected in the sediment but not the upper water column. Analyses revealed that these benthic microalgae represent a depleted fragment of Arctic littoral microphytobenthos. Compared with the littoral flora, the deep-water assemblage is less diverse and displays low abundance. The data reported here challenge the generally accepted belief that the presence of certain microalgae at significant depths results from vertical or horizontal transfer.
W artykule zamieszczono informacje dotyczące kierunku rozwoju źródeł biopaliw pochodzenia roślinnego. Jednym z potencjalnych źródeł najbliższej przyszłości mogą być mikroalgi. Omówiono proces konwersji biomasy mikroalg, w tym proces pirolizy obejmujący pozyskanie ciekłego biopaliwa zwanego bio-olejem oraz możliwości praktycznego zastosowania.
The current study deals with water quality variations and micro algal community structure in the highly eutrophic pond. Several water quality parameters were evaluated during the period from July 2014 to June 2015 from sampling station sited from Annamalai Nagar viz., Pasupatheswarar temple pond. The water quality parameters like Air and water temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, pH, free carbon-dioxide, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), calcium, magnesium, phosphate and nitrate were analysed. A total 29 species were observed during the study period of which 11 species from the class Cynophyceae, 9 species from the class Chlorophyceae, 6 species from the class Bacillariophyceae and 3 species from the class Euglenophyceae. Maximum species of the class Cyanophyceae were observed during study period. The Microcystis aeruginosa species observed in the pond indicates the signs of eutrophication of pond. The water quality parameters such as temperature, alkalinity, phosphate and nitrates are favourable for the growth of phytoplankton.
Our objective was the assessment of algal medium harmfulness for in vitro fibroblasts. The algal medium was from Chlorella cultures (Beijerinck 1890) grown in the presence of benzene, which was added before the inoculation of culture. The medium contained, besides the benzene residues, its various metabolites formed during culture, among them phenol and catechol. Its addition to fibroblast cultures resulted in a decrease in their growth intensity and protein content in fibroblasts as well as an increase in DNA content and 14C-thymidine incorporation intensity to fibroblasts. The latter effect was probably connected with the inhibition of cell-division and DNA damage reparations. The obtained results indicate that Chlorella algae, besides other hydrobionts, take part in the forming of the benzene-like pollution toxicity in water habitat.
Blooms of Noctiluca scintillans are reported for the first time in the Red Sea off the south-western coasts of Saudi Arabia. During the present study, surface water samples were collected weekly on the coasts of the Al Shuqayq region from February to April 2004–2006. The abundance of N. scintillans correlated negatively with most nutrients, as well as the cell densities of diatoms and dinoflagellate species. Microscopic examination of live cells from Noctiluca blooms showed the presence of some species of diatoms and dinoflagellates within the Noctiluca body – confirmation of its grazing on these microalgae. The presence of a Noctiluca bloom in the coastal waters off south-western Saudi Arabia could be linked indirectly to water eutrophication by an increase in prey abundance. The physico-chemical properties of Red Sea coastal waters should therefore be monitored regularly in order to minimize the formation of harmful algal blooms, which may affect all food web levels, including the human level.
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