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Photodynamic therapy (PDT), used for cancer treatment, is also an alternative method for eradication of drug-resistant bacteria. This method utilizes a nontoxic light-activated dye, called a photosensitizer, and visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that lead to bacterial cell death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of PDT using lanthanide derivatives of meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine against Staphylococcus aureusstrains. The new photosensitizers appeared to be photodynamically ineffective. No enhancement of antistaphylococcal activity of TMPyP was observed after the conjugation of the porphyrin with lanthanide ions. Additionally, a significant difference in the susceptibility of two bacterial strains to unmodified TMPyP was observed.
Staphylococcus aureus is an etiological factor of severe infections in both hospital and ambulatory environments. As methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains spread quickly across healthcare centers resulting in life-threatening infections with increased mortality, they are considered more virulent than MSSA strains. Protein A, encoded by the spa gene, is one of the virulence factors involved in the staphylococcal pathogenesis. It has been suggested that the number of 24-bp tandem repeat units along the X region of the spa gene correlates with the virulence level of the strains. The current work analyzed the relationships between the virulence of MRSA and MSSA strains with region X polymorphism. No obvious correlation was observed.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on photosensitizers activated by light of appropriate wavelength. Their activation leads to generation of singlet oxygen and free radicals responsible for the cytotoxic effect. The aim of this project was to compare the bactericidal effect of PDT using different porphyrin photosensitizers against a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. Exogenous sensitizers (protoporphyrin IX and newly synthesized derivative, protoporphyrin diarginate) induced a 3 log10-unit reduction in bacterial viable counts. With the use of endogenous, ALA-induced porphyrins, a 1.6 log10-unit reduction was obtained. The sensitizers tested executed their antibacterial activity with no essential change in the antibiotic resistance pattern of the studied strain.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLSB) resistance phenotype may lead to clinical failure during clindamycin (CLI) therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of MLS|t phenotypes by using D-test method and genotypes by using multiplex real-time PCR method in MRSA strains. A total of 265 MRSA strains were obtained from clinical samples from hospitalized and outpatients. Of the MRSA isolates, 225 (84.9%) were resistant to erythromycin (ERT), and 170 (64.1%) to CLI. Among the 225 ERT-resistant MRSA strains, the constitutive MLS|f (cMLSu) rate was found in 49.3%, iMLSB in 39.1% and the M phenotype in 11.5%. Overall, ermA, ermC, ermA+ermC, msrA, ermC+msrA, and ermA+ermC+msrA genes were detected in 85 (37.7%), 60 (26.6%), 42 (18.6%), 26 (11.5%), 11 (4.8%), and 1 (0.4%) isolates, respectively. Most prevalent resistance determinant in MRSA strains was ermA", which was detected in 37.7% of the isolates. The 26 MRSA strains with M phenotype harboured only msrA gene. In conclusion, due to aware of the potential of CLI treatment failure, D-test should be performed and reported in MRSA strains in clinical laboratories. The multiplex real-time PCR method is easy to perform, fast and reliable method for the detection of MLSB resistance genotypes.
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