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The evaluation of soil seed bank in two Arrhenatherion meadow habitats in central Poland

100%

Janicka M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura

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2016

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tom 15

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nr 4

Too intensive management by mowing or grazing or cessation of management both lead to the floristic impoverishment of meadow communities. Soil seed bank can play an essential role in the ecological restoration of species-rich semi-natural grasslands. In Poland, little research has been conducted in this area, particularly refers to Arrhenatherion meadows. The aim of the studies was to determine the density and species composition of the soil seed bank of Arrhenatheretum elatioris meadows as well as the distribution of seeds across four soil levels. The studies were carried out in two habitats: Arrhenatheretum elatioris (code 6510-1) and Poa pratensis – Festuca rubra (code 6510-2). Soil samples were collected up to a depth of 20 cm, divided into four levels: 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm 15-20 cm. The size and species composition of the seed bank was determined by extracting seeds from the soil samples. The number of diaspores (seeds and fruits) in the topsoil (0-20 cm) layer was 56,430 seeds·mˉ² (Arrhenatheretum elatioris) and 118,510 seeds·mˉ² (Poa pratensis – Festuca rubra). The soil seed banks were dominated by diaspores of annual dicotyledonous species (above 80%) which were mainly seeds of arable weeds or ruderal plants. The assessed soil seed banks were dominated by Chenopodium album and Stellaria media. In both grasslands, the quantity of Poaceae and Fabaceae diaspores were very low. These results confirmed that most mesic grassland species did not form persistent seed banks and reintroduction of target species seeds is necessary in order to restore the species-rich Arrhenatherion elatioris meadows.

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Niche dynamics and biodiversity: many rodent species on one marshy meadow

84%

Jancewicz E., Gliwicz J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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tom 65

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nr 4

The ecological niche of a species is determined by its tolerance to environmental factors and by interactions with other species, particularly those using the same resource. We assessed spatial niches of four rodent species coexisting in one meadow habitat within the Białowieża Primeval Forest. Niche characteristics were based on the valorisation of the habitat around live-trapping sites visited by rodents during seven years of the study. The population size of each species was monitored and expressed as an average annual density. The root vole Microtus oeconomus was the most numerous and dominant species, with its density widely fluctuating due to the temporal increases of predation pressure exerted by the weasel Mustela nivalis.During the study period, the spatial niche of the root vole was nearly constant, with only significantly increased tolerance towards shrub covered sites at times of its high population density. However, even a slight niche expansion of the highly abundant root voles displaced accompanying species: the bank vole Myodes (Clethrionomys) glareolus, the yellow necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis and the striped field mouse A. agrarius, from their preferred sites and efficiently decreased rodent species diversity in the studied habitat. This study illustrates a possible mechanism of the direct effect of predation on the dominant prey species population and indirect one on the species diversity changes over ecological time.

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Survival chances of ground nests in a meadow habitat: a case study in Vrana Lake Nature Park (Mediterranean region, Croatia)

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Purger J. J., Muzinic J., Purger D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 1

The number of ground-nesting bird species in meadows, one of the most vulnerable habitats in the ornithological reserve of Vrana Lake Nature Park has decreased in recent decades. Nest survival rates were investigated in meadows and reed beds using nest predation experiments in late March and in May 2005. Predators damaged 18% of the 50 artificial nests placed in the pasture meadow habitat in March and 22% in May. Daily survival rate of nests were found to be similar in March (97%) and May (96%). In May, 64% of 25 nests located in the reed bed were discovered by the predators, with the daily survival rate of nests (90%) being significantly lower than that of nests in the nearby meadow. The results suggest that the reasons for the decreasing number of nesting bird species may be – instead of the pronounced presence and activity of predators in the area – the shrinkage of meadow area, the lack of buffer zone, the proximity of agricultural lands, and disturbance caused by intensive grazing.

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The estimation of some wild flowers seed material from the natural-valuable meadow habitats

84%

Janicka M., Pawluskiewicz B., Maluszynska E., Szydlowska A.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

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2016

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tom 48

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nr 4

5

Degradation and transformation of meadow habitats and communities on organic soils in a depression funnel

84%

Kozlowska T.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2000

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nr 04

A decrease in the ground water table and the formation of extremely drained areas are observed in the surroundings of towns and industrial plants. The extreme decrease of surface waters results in the formation of a depression funnel and in unfavorable changes in meadow habitats and communities. The studies were carried out in the depression funnel of brown coal opencast mine near Bełchatów. Botanical composition, yield and micro-relief of grasslands were evaluated. The extreme draining of meadows situated on organic soils resulted in a great transformation of the soil mass and in a release of large amounts of mineral nitrogen. Initially these changes were reflected by an abundant growth of meadow plants, the simplification of meadow communities and by an increase in their productivity. Simplified communities were dominated by two grass species: Alopecurus pratensis and Poa pratensis. The prolonged influence of unfavorable water conditions was followed by further unfavorable changes in botanical composition, by a decrease in the viability of the present plants, which were replaced by annual ones. Later on, even annual plants retreated giving way to perennial herbs and weeds typical of dry sites. The sward became loosened with many empty, moss covered places. Degraded communities of low productivity resulted, which lost, as did the habitats, their character of meadow communities. Initial seasonal changes of meadow communities became successional and the process of habitat dying proceeded.

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Pionowy uklad temperatury w przyziemnej warstwie atmosfery w siedliskach lakowych w rejonie Bydgoszczy

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Roguski W., Labedzki L., Kasperska-Wolowicz W.

Acta Agrophysica

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2004

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tom 03

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nr 1[104]

134-151

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Effect of vegetation and management on occurrence of larvae and adults of generalist Maniola jurtina L. (Lepidoptera) in meadow habitats

67%

Kulfan J., Strbova E., Zach P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 3

Larvae and adults of some generalist insect species co-occur in identical habitats whereas adults and larvae of other generalist species do not co-occur and occupy different habitats. The Meadow brown, Maniola jurtina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), is common and widely distributed in Europe where it is considered a habitat generalist. As knowledge about the occurrence of the larvae of the Meadow brown is scarce (different and more difficult methods are needed to collect larvae compared to adults) a complex assessment of the life strategy of this generalist is limited. We addressed here the question as to whether the adults and larvae of the Meadow brown co-occurred in the same habitats and how they depended on the type of grassland vegetation and habitat management. We expected co-occurrence of adults and larvae and similar effects of habitat management on them. We selected four habitat types belonging to the alliance Arrhenatherion elatioris W. Koch 1926, which form mosaic patterns in the rural landscape of central Slovakia: (1) extensive meadows mown once a year, (2) extensive meadows mown twice a year, (3) abandoned meadows, and (4) ecotones between deciduous forests and meadows mown once a year. Adults were counted in each habitat on seven transects 50 m long (in seven replicates) during the summer of 2003, 2004 and 2005. Larvae were collected in each habitat on 10 transects 50 m long (ten replicates) by sweeping vegetation (60 sweepings per transect) at night in May 2005 and 2006. Both adults and larvae occurred in all the mentioned types of habitats. A high abundance of adults and larvae was recorded in extensive meadows mown once a year and in ecotones. The lowest abundance of adults and larvae was found in abandoned meadows. The differences between abandoned meadows and ecotones (in the case of adults) and between abandoned meadows and extensive meadows mown once a year (in the case of larvae) were significant in all study years (P <0.05; multiple comparisons, K-W ANOVA). In the abandoned meadows the number of adults and larvae (median) was approximately 2 to 5 and 5 to 25 times lower than in the preferred habitats, respectively. Maximum numbers of both adults and larvae per single recording/sampling date were obtained in extensive meadows mown once a year; that is 185 adults in a transect 350 m long and 4 m wide and 267 larvae in the transect 500 m long (600 sweepings). Hence, similar to adults, larvae tend to be habitat generalists. Our results have confirmed the ”advantageous“ life strategy of M. jurtina which enables the species to adapt to a wide range of habitats, including those under strong pressure from humans. Comparing management practices in the study habitats, meadows which are mowed once a year were the most appropriate alternative for this species.

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Zrownowazone zarzadzanie zmeliorowanymi uzytkami zielonymi na przykladzie obiektu Biezun - Poniatowo w dolinie rzeki Wkry

51%

Pawlat H., Sztyber J., Piekut K., Pawluskiewicz B.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 519

245-258

W latach 2001-2003 wykonano badania stanu środowiska przyrodniczo-rolniczego obiektu Bieżuń - Poniatowo w dolinie rzeki Wkry. System melioracyjny obiektu przy pełnym funkcjonowaniu umożliwiał odwodnienie i nawadnianie podsiąkowe. Inwentaryzacja systemu rowów melioracyjnych wykazała, że jedynie na długości około 18% ich stan techniczny jest dobry. Podobnie kształtował się stan budowli na sieci rowów. Na badanym obiekcie wyróżniono 9 typów siedlisk łąkowych, o dużym mozaikowym zróżnicowaniu przestrzennym. Największą powierzchnię zajmowały murszowiska. Właściwym uwilgotnieniem charakteryzowało się 34,2% powierzchni siedlisk. Zbiorowiska łąkowe odznaczały się dużą różnorodnością typów zbiorowisk i gatunków roślin. Dominowały zbiorowiska trawiaste. Analiza SWOT doliny i obszarów funkcjonalnie przyległych wskazuje, że typowo rolniczy kierunek wykorzystania użytków zielonych możliwy jest tylko w siedliskach łęgów zgrądowiałych typowych i grądów właściwych. W siedliskach bielaw podtopionych i murszowisk wtórnie zabagniających priorytetem w użytkowaniu powinna być ochrona zasobów wodnych i siedlisk. W siedliskach murszowisk właściwych ich użytkowanie rolnicze powinno zmierzać do ograniczenia degradacji gleby. W siedliskach tych sprawność systemu melioracyjnego jest podstawowym warunkiem ochrony gleb przed degradacją i należy go traktować jako niezbędną infrastrukturę proekologiczną. Siedliska murszowisk grądowiejących i zdegradowanych, łęgów zgrądowiałych zubożałych i grądów zubożałych powinny być użytkowane jako ekstensywne pastwiska lub stanowić pielęgnowane użytki ekologiczne.

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Cenne przyrodniczo siedliska i ich zespoły w północno-zachodniej części Pogórza Izerskiego – analiza struktury i powiązań w krajobrazie

43%

Swierkosz K.

Acta Botanica Silesiaca

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2004

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tom 01

The paper presents results of investigations on interesting and close-to-natural habitats of the north-western part of Pogórze Izerskie Foothills. Only 59 well-preservedhabitats have been found. The forests (33 patches, 281,5 ha – including ca 230 ha of oak-hornbeam forests) andthe environments of rivers and lakes (12 patches, 295 ha) are the most common. Habitats of marshes, wet meadows, termophilous grasslands and ash-alder-willow forests are very rare.

Ograniczanie wyników

The evaluation of soil seed bank in two Arrhenatherion meadow habitats in central Poland

Niche dynamics and biodiversity: many rodent species on one marshy meadow

Survival chances of ground nests in a meadow habitat: a case study in Vrana Lake Nature Park (Mediterranean region, Croatia)

The estimation of some wild flowers seed material from the natural-valuable meadow habitats

Degradation and transformation of meadow habitats and communities on organic soils in a depression funnel

Pionowy uklad temperatury w przyziemnej warstwie atmosfery w siedliskach lakowych w rejonie Bydgoszczy

Effect of vegetation and management on occurrence of larvae and adults of generalist Maniola jurtina L. (Lepidoptera) in meadow habitats

Zrownowazone zarzadzanie zmeliorowanymi uzytkami zielonymi na przykladzie obiektu Biezun - Poniatowo w dolinie rzeki Wkry

Cenne przyrodniczo siedliska i ich zespoły w północno-zachodniej części Pogórza Izerskiego – analiza struktury i powiązań w krajobrazie