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Micro-satellite, or simple tandem repeat (STR) sequences, are arrays of mono-, di-, tri-, or tetranucleotide motifs repeated in tandem and present in high numbers in vertebrate genomes. So far, more than a 1000 micro-satellites have been isolated and described in the bovine genome. STRs are highly polymorphic and this makes them useful as molecular markers for parentage control and accurate pedigree analyses in cattle. Technically, micro-satellite sequences are easily typed using the polymerous chain reaction (PCR) and the new efficient system for analysis of micro-satellite polymorphism employing the automated laser DNA sequencer. Recently, micro-satellite loci have played an increasingly important role in parentage control.
The genetic characterization of the wrzosówka sheep breed was performed on the basis of microsatellite DNA markers. 73 sheep were typed with a set of 14 microsatellites (BM757, BM827, BM6526, BM8125, OarAE129, OarCP20, OarCP34, OarFCB20, OarFCB48, OarFCB128, OarFCB304, OarHH35, OarHH47, OarHH64) recommended by the FAO for biodiversity studies. The analyzed microsatellite markers were characterized by a high polymorphism in the studied material. Except for locus OarAE129, which shows the lowest variation (H=0.485 and PIC=0.368), the calculated H and PIC values exceeded 0.5. The highest polymorphism was characteristic of locus OarAE128 and OarHH47 (H=0.837, PIC=0.817 and H=0.827, PIC=0.807). The high polymorphism of selected DNA microsatellite sequences (with H and PIC values averaging 0.711 and 0.670 respectively) and the probability of excluding the wrong parent based on all analyzed markers (99.96%) are clear evidence that they are useful for parentage control of wrzosówka sheep.
To date, there is no complementary panel of markers that could be used internationally in cases of disputed parentage. The Department of Animal Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of the National Research Institute of Animal Production has developed a complementary panel of microsatellite loci, which is used when the standard panel is insufficient for parentage determination. Among the markers tested, the following panel of microsatellite sequences was chosen to complement the panel of markers available at the National Research Institute of Animal Production: CSRM60, ILSTS065, CSSM066, BM1818, INRA072, AGLA293, INRA222, INRA092 and HUJI177. The aim of the study was to determine the polymorphism of the panel of STR markers by estimating the degree of expected (HE) and observed (HO) heterozygosity, the polymorphic information content (PIC), the power of discrimination (PD) and the probability of exclusion (PE1 and PE2) The 63 alleles identified at 9 loci in 174 head of Simmental cattle were used to estimate the degree of heterozygosity and polymorphism in the cattle population examined. A high degree of observed heterozygosity and polymorphism (over 60%) was found in all the markers analysed except AGLA293 and CSSM66. The power of discrimination, calculated for each marker, was PD>0.8. Lower values of this parameter were observed only for AGLA293 and CSSM66. The probability of paternity exclusion on the basis of the newly developed panel of 9 STR loci was 97.74% when the genotype of one parent was known and 99.86% when the genotypes of both parents were known.
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