The SME sector plays a significant role in every countries’ economy. The European Union also realized its importance and hence tries to create such fiscal rules and administrative environment which enhances business activity and the level of entrepreneurs. At the same time the majority of enterprises faces emerging difficulties. Companies aiming to survive in the long run have to realize and continuously monitor the inside and outside environment which affects them. It is inevitable to use the tools of risk and change management which cannot be overlooked in today’s economic environment. Last decades local currencies have appeared in order to reduce liquidity risks and its emergence is continuous and becoming more and more successful. The aim of the article is to introduce the difficulties of the Hungarian SME sector and shortly discuss the opportunities of local currency as a risk management tool which can positively affect the prosperity of the SME sector
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of relocation from a tie-stall barn to the facility with free-stall housing on adaptation of cows measured by behaviours latency and lenghts of the first episodes. Cows were observed at 10-min intervals for 48 hours after relocation on the first and second days. Second parity cows and non-pregnant cows lied down sooner than those in the first lactation and pregnant cows (532.2±274.6 min vs. 678.3±278.9 min; 588.5±237.0 min vs. 603.8±326.1 min). Primiparous and pregnant cows had shorter lying episodes following the relocation (25.0±12.9 min. vs. 51.4±31.8 min, P<0.001; 38.3±24.8 min vs. 46.0±35.8 min). Latencies for total lying (first time lying down regardless of which side cow lays) and lying on the left side were progressively shorter from the first milking session to the fourth milking session. Cows in second lactation and non-pregnant cows began ruminating sooner than cows in first lactation after the first and fourth milking sessions. The results of this study suggest that relocation may alter behavioural measures.However, behaviour after milking sessions observation indicate that older and non-pregnant cows are more able to adapt quickly to environmental change.
Nasilające się procesy urbanizacyjne w strefach podmiejskich dużych polskich miast możliwe są dzięki liberalnym politykom przestrzennym prowadzonym przez sąsiednie gminy wiejskie i miejsko-wiejskie. Rozwój przestrzenny jest ściśle powiązany z wieloma innymi systemami, w tym między innymi z gospodarką ściekową. Planowanemu rozwojowi przestrzennemu powinien towarzyszyć rozwój systemów gospodarki ściekowej, tak aby odpowiadał on na realne obecne i przyszłe potrzeby mieszkańców. W niniejszej pracy skonfrontowano dwa scenariusze rozwoju gminy Żórawina. Szacowane zmiany liczby mieszkańców, wynikające z tendencji demograficznych oraz polityki przestrzennej porównano z inwestycjami związanymi z realizacją Krajowego Programu Oczyszczania Ścieków Komunalnych. Przeprowadzone analizy pozwoliły stwierdzić, że rozbudowa oczyszczalni ścieków znacząco przewyższa potrzeby gospodarstw domowych w chwili obecnej oraz przy założeniu stałego przyrostu liczby mieszkańców gminy. Działania te nie są przy tym wystarczające przy założeniu realizacji polityki przestrzennej. Stwierdzono również brak koordynacji polityk rozwojowych w tych zakresach.
The need to distinguish from the overall economy something which constitutes an important part of its animated nature, operating on the basis of the laws of nature, signifies noticing distinct rights and principles of the living world, of which man is part, from the inanimate world. The right of economy dominates within the living nature and it can be described as the creation of the highest level of complexity with the minimum number of components. In order to comply with this law, we must manage the world differently than before. The land management factor is placed within the framework of this concept. The aim of this study is to make a comparative analysis of land management in the studied regions, taking into account its impact on the competitive advantages of agriculture. Increasing competition for the use of land for non-food purposes, in light of a dynamic increase in about 30% of the population on the planet by 2050, will force more intensive use of this factor, which could inevitably lead to environmental degradation and lack of food. With an increase in the number of people on the planet the chances of achieving a competitive advantage by regions with higher agricultural area per capita will increase thanks to exports of food. This indicates the consistency of global interest with the regional one. The study included five provinces, i.e: Lublin, Subcarpathian, Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie and Warmian-Masurian. They form the Polish area of Eastern Europe. Directions of use of the geographic area of the country as well as the use of land were established by comparing the results obtained in agriculture in 2005 and 2011, and exceptionally in 2012. The method which was used within the study was the tabulardescriptive method as well as horizontal and vertical analysis and valuation. The study shows that the use of the earth’s surface for food cultivation purpose is becoming less competitive than its use for non-food cultivation purposes.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.