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Alkylphospholipids are synthetic compounds with relatively simple structures combining amphiphilic character and anticancer properties. It is possible to prepare different types of liposomes from APL if a high amount of cholesterol and a charged component is added. The biological relevant properties can be changed by sterical stabilization of these vesicles by the incorporation of up to 10 mol% poly(ethylenglycol) derivatives of phosphoethanolamine. This incorporation increased the fixed aqueous layer thickness from 0.83 nm to 3.57 nm. As a result of this changed property the uptake of such liposomes by macrophages was reduced compared to liposomes without a sterical stabilization. APL liposomes are remarkably stable in buffer and in plasma. APL-liposomes are able to induce the release of tumoricidal factors like TNF and NO from different macrophage cell lines. The strongest release was induced by a synergistic action of liposomal APC and lipopolysaccharide. Sterical stabilization prevents such an activation process likely as a result of significantly reduced uptake and internalization by the macrophages. APL are highly therapeutically active in a number of hormone-independent human mammary carcinomas. Using the MaTu mammary carcinoma xenotransplanted to nude mice the sterically stabilized HPC-SUV have the strongest cancerostatic formulation.
A case of a widespread neoplastic process, originating from the mammary gland in mongrel bitch, weighing 27 kg and aging 7 years, was described. In the patient, blood morphology, blood biochemical parameters, gasometry of arterial blood, chest X-ray, and heart ECG and USG were determined. ECG record demonstrated elevation of ST-T segment by 0.2-0.3 mV in I, aVL leads and a downward- sloping depression in III and aVR leads. The alterations pointed with high probability to infarction in the lateral wall of the left ventricle. Following demonstration by imaging tests of numerous tumours in the chest, the dog was subjected to euthanasia. Upon autopsy, apart from the primary tumour in the mammary gland, numerous tumours were demonstrated in inner organs, including myocardium. Histopathology confirmed neoplastic growth of adenocarcinoma type. In the vicinity of the tumour localised in the left cardiac ventricle, microscopic examination disclosed regions of cardiomyocyte necrosis, which corroborated the preliminary diagnosis of infarction.
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