Ograniczanie wyników

Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 34

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 2 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  mammalian cell
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 2 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
The Chinese hamster cell mutant V-C8 is defective in the Brca2 gene (Kraakman-van der Zwet et al., 2002, Cell Biol.-, 22: 669). Here we report that V-C8 cells were 10-fold more sensitive to camptothecin, an inhibitor of topoisomerase I, than the parental V79 cells. The level of the relaxation activity of topoisomerase I in nuclear extracts was also lower (4-fold) in V-C8 than V79 cells, in spite of the fact that the level of the topoisomerase I protein was the same in these cells. The survival of V-C8 cells in the presence of camptothecin, the sensitivity of V-C8 topoisomerase I to camptothecin, and the level of the relaxation activity in V-C8 nuclear extract were almost completely restored by transfection of V-C8 cells with the murine Brca2 gene or by the transfer of human chromosome 13 providing the BRCA2 gene. These results indicate that the ob­served changes in the topoisomerase I activity in V-C8 are due to the defective func­tion of the Brca2 gene.
This report describes an improvement made to the horizontal cell electrophoresis methodology. It involves using two liquid layers differing in density to produce an interface described as a “density cushion”. The electrophoretic system that employed an anti-convective porous matrix to separate red blood cells (RBC) and charged dyes effectively was found to be unsuitable for some other mammalian cells. The “density cushion” method was found to be more versatile and applicable to studies on the separation of a variety of cell types. The experiments described show the differences between the electrophoretic mobilities of a human eosinophilic leukaemia cell line (Eol-1) and RBC, both with and without the modification of the cell surface properties.
In the present study four different cell cultures, derived from rabbit kidney (RK13), rat, and murine liver (WBF344 and Hepa 1c1c7) and insect origin (Sf21) were used to examine the effects of chlorpyrifos. Sf21 cells were the most sensitive to chlorpyrifos, with significant suppression of their proliferative activity ranging from 10⁻¹-10⁻⁵ M. However, significant suppression of proliferative activity also was recorded in mammalian cell cultures Hepa 1c1c7 (10⁻¹-10⁻³ M), WBF344 (10⁻¹-10⁻² M), and RK13 ( 10⁻¹ M). A cytopathic effect and LDH leakage into the medium was observed in RK 13 ( 10⁻¹-10⁻³ M) > WBF344 and Hepa 1c1c7 cells ( 10⁻¹-10⁻² M) > Sf21 ( 10⁻¹ M) compared to solvent control. Our results indicate that chlorpyrifos exposure caused a species-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and cell membrane damage.
The eukaryotic cell encounters more than one million various kinds of DNA lesions per day. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is one of the most important repair mechanisms that removes a wide spectrum of different DNA lesions. NER operates through two sub pathways: global genome repair (GGR) and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). GGR repairs the DNA damage throughout the entire genome and is initiated by the HR23B/XPC complex, while the CSB protein-governed TCR process removes DNA lesions from the actively transcribed strand. The sequence of events and the role of particular NER proteins are currently being extensively discussed. NER proteins also participate in other cellular processes like replication, transcription, chromatin maintenance and protein turnover. Defects in NER underlay severe genetic disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS) and trichothiodystrophy (TTD).
Proteasomes or multicatalytic proteinases have recently been discovered in mammalian cells. These enzymes are major non-lysosomal proteinases of eukaryotic cells that can account up to 1% of the soluble cellular protein. Our previous studies indicated that multicatalytic proteinases are present in parasitic nematodes of sheep. In this study we have demonstrated that the method described by Rivett et al. (1994) and used for mammalian cells, can give reasonably good preparations of proteasomes from Trichostrongylus colubriformis infective larvae. Further, the inactivation of proteasomes activity by antisera suggests that enzymatic activity of proteasomes is recognised by the immune system of sheep.
The initial proposal for apoptosis stressed nuclear change (condensation of chromatin) and the intactness of intracellular organelles, including mitochondria, based on light and electron microscopic observations. However, data have accumulated to demonstrate that the opening of megachannels of mitochondrial membranes, resulting in the swelling of the organelles, notably by Ca²⁺ and free radicals, is the crucial step in the apoptotic processes of the cell. Application of fluorescent dyes to mitochondria, combined with flow cytometry, has made it possible to detect subtle changes in the structure and function of the organelles related to apoptosis. The present article overviews structural aspects of mitochondria related to apoptosis, including the free radical-induced formation of megamitochondria.
An increasing body of evidence suggests that glycolipid domains are present on the plasma membrane surface of mammalian cells and play a key role in signal transduction. We have investigated the modulation of glycolipid-protein interaction consequent to a specific event occurring at the plasma membrane. For this purpose, a new photoactivable, radioactive derivative of GM1 ganglioside, carrying a phenyldiazirine fatty acid labelled with 125I, has been used with rat cerebellar granule cells in culture. Upon incubation of photoactivable GM1 with the cells followed by illumination, several proteins become radioactive and were detectable on the two dimensional-electrophoresis, which points to their interaction with the ganglioside. Upon addition of cytotoxic doses of glutamate, known to induce indirectly the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), one of the proteins crosslinked by photoactivable GM1 in control cells of molecular mass about 92 kDa and pI about 4, was not anymore detectable; this suggests its exclusion from the glycolipid domains. On the contrary, another protein, of about 15 kDa and pI 6.5, previously not crosslinked, was interacting with the ganglioside derivative after glutamate treatment. Comparable effects were exerted by phorbol-2-myristate-3-acetate, which directly induces the activation of PKC. These results show that PKC activation, a key step of inbound trans-membrane signalling, affects the interaction between glycolipids and proteins at the plasma membrane surface, possibly within a mixed domain. The dynamic modulation of ganglioside-protein interaction may affect the involvement of glycolipid domains in membrane-located events such as signal transmission and lipid/protein sorting.
The experiment was performed on Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 203, 103 and 53 g, and female 99 g. Animals were fed for 2 weeks a diet containing 0,1 and 2,0 ppm of Se (Na₂ SeO₃ added). It was observed that the daily Se intake per kg of BW is lowered with an increase in animals body weight. Se-supplementation caused a significant increase of Se content in plasma and red blood cells. The highest concentration of Se in plasma and in RBC was found in females. GSH-Px activity was higher in RBC of all male rats receiving a Se-supplemented diet, but not in females. In plasma these differences between Se-adequate and supplemented rats were significant in youngest male rats and in females. These results suggest that age and sex of rats affect the concentration of Se and GSH-Px activity in plasma and RBC of rats.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 2 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.