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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, contagious viral disease in cattle that is associated with enormous economic losses in Turkey and worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in serum malondialdehyde (MDA), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and deoxyguanosine (dG) and to perform histopathological examinations in calves with FMD. Thirty calves were studied, 20 of which were infected with FMD and 10 were free of the disease. Following a routine clinical examination, blood samples were obtained, and serum MDA, CoQ10, 8-OHdG and dG levels were determined. Necropsy and histopathological examinations were performed on dead calves with FMD. MDA and 8-OHdG/10⁶dG levels were significantly higher in calves with FMD than in the control group. However, the increase in CoQ10 levels in calves with FMD, compared with the control group, was not statistically significant. Macroscopic examination of the heart tissue of calves with acute myocarditis revealed the presence of pale, yellowish gray-white necrotic muscle fibers in the ventricular wall of the heart. The muscle fibers in the myocardium were swollen and exhibited pyknotic nuclei and intense lymphocytic cell infiltration. In longitudinal sections, the muscle fibers were non-striated, swollen, and homogenously pink and contained pink nuclei. Between muscle fibers, intense mononuclear cell infiltration was observed. The findings of the present study indicate that oxidative stress is significantly increased in calves with FMD, and that oxidative DNA damage may play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of FMD. This is the first study to report CoQ10 and 8-OHdG levels in calves with FMD, and its findings may serve as the basis for future studies on this subject.
The Salix variegata Franch. seedlings planted in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) could survive after experiencing several seasons of winter submergence. We investigated the recovery mechanisms of S. variegata seedlings planted at the elevation of 168 m and 172 m in the TGR WLFZ after winter submergence. The results indicated that winter submergence caused some impacts on S. variegata seedlings with increases of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anions radical (O₂⁻˙), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreases of antioxidant enzymatic systems during recovery stage after winter submergence. However, further analyses of relative water content (RWC), pigment content, proline content, carbohydrate content and several other antioxidant enzymatic activities (catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-POD)) showed that S. variegata seedlings were well recovered after winter submergence. These results indicate that S. variegata possesses strong winter submergence tolerance and adaptation to the specific hydrological environment in the TGR WLFZ. Therefore, S. variegata should be popularized as native tree species during the revegetation in the TGR WLFZ.
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