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Our objective has been to determine the total content of magnesium, iron, chromium and zinc, as well as the heavy metal fractions in selected natural fertilisers, such as swine and bovine manure and poultry litter from laying hens and broilers. The total content of the metals was determined by the ICP-AES method following dry mineralisation in a muffle furnace at 450°C and dissolving the ash in HCl (1:1). Fractions of Fe, Zn and Cr were isolated by the 3-step sequential fractionation method proposed by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). This study has shown that the analysed organic materials had different content of the determined metals. The largest amount of Mg was found in litter from laying hens and the largest amounts of Fe, Cr and Zn were in litter from broiler chickens. The smallest amount of Mg was found in swine manure, Fe and Cr were the least abundant in litter from laying hens, and the lowest Zn content was in bovine manure. The content of these four heavy metals was significantly differentiated by the origin of fertiliser. The exchangeable fraction F1 had the smallest share in the total Fe content among all the fertilisers. As for chromium, this fraction made the smallest contribution to the total Cr content in litter from laying hens and broilers while the reducible fraction F2 was the smallest part of the total content in both types of manure. Fraction F1 of zinc was the smallest in the total content in swine and bovine manure and while the oxidisable fraction F3 made up the smallest share in the total content of this metal in litter from broilers.
The Mg content in individual granulometric fractions of the soils studied was found to be inversely proportional to the fraction diameter. The >0.02 mm diameter fraction separated from soils originating from loess were between 60 and 130%, richer in magnesium than the same fractions separated from Carpathian soils, at 80% on average. It has been found that the lower the content of a given granulometric fraction in the soil, the higher its share in the distribution of the total magnesium pool in the soil. Hence, in light soils with a low content of the <0.02 mm fraction, the share in the accumulation of the total Mg pool in the soil mass is considerably higher than in the case of similar fractions of heavy soils that are richer in the <0.02 mm fraction, and also in the colloidal fraction of <0.002 mm.
The research conducted shows that along with the decrease of the diameters of fractions, the total content of Mg increases and the leaching process of the soils investigated visibly decreases the content of this element in almost all fractions investigated. In addition, a considerably higher total content of Mg in the boulder loam than in old-alluvial sediment of the fractions was observed. In average separate fractions, the following amounts of total Mg accumulate: sand (1-0.1 mm) 5.6 to 7.3%, silt (0.1-0.02 mm) 7.3 to 13.3%, fractions of silt- clays (0.02-0.002 mm) 52.2 to 54.1% and clay fraction (<0.002 mm) 25.3 to 34.9%.
The aim of this study was to determine the content of magnesium and other fertilizer compounds (Ca, K, Na, P, N and S) in stabilized and dewatered sewage sludge stored on dewatered sites at the Municipal Treatment Plant in Recz in 1994-2003. Discharge of post galvanic sewage to the municipal sewer system was evaluated at approximately 10% processed sewage at this treatment plant .The fertilizer value and possible utilization of the sludge was evaluated. When evaluating possible use of the sewage sludge for fertilization purposes in agriculture, it was found that the concentration of magnesium in sludge samples was in the range of 0.2-0.5, on average 0.33%, and was substantially lower than the level of this compound given in literature. The content of this compound in sewage sludge is found in the range 0.02 do 7.6% and depends on the type of a treatment plant, treatment process, and also on the share of industrial sewage. Sewage sludge applied in agriculture should be characterized by a high content of magnesium (approximately 0.6%). Some physical and chemical properties of the examined sewage sludge were very good (loose soil consistency, lack of odor, humidity from 40 to 80%, suitable pH and high concentration of Ca, K, Na, P, N and S). The reaction was in the pH range from 5.6 to 7.0 (from slightly acid to neutral), which is typical of sewage sludge obtained during the biological processing of municipal sewage. The mean content of main nutrient compounds in the sludge, which was N – 2.7%, P – 4.7 and K – 0.18%, enables classification of this material as suitable for use in agriculture. Taking under consideration the content of all macronutrients and physical properties of the sludge produced at the Municipal Treatment Plant in Recz, it can be concluded that this sewage sludge may be applied on agricultural land and used for reclamation of degraded soils. But every batch of sewage sludge should be analyzed and evaluated individually because it may contain excessive amounts of heavy metals due to periodical discharge of post galvanic sewage to municipal sewerage.
Skład mleka klaczy zmienia się podczas laktacji. Od tych zmian zależą tempo wzrostu i rozwoju źrebiąt, natomiast na zmiany te wpływa wiele czynników, m.in. stan fizjologiczny klaczy. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu wieku oraz terminu wystąpienia i długości rui na zawartość magnezu w mleku klaczy. Badania prowadzono na 30 klaczach czystej krwi arabskiej. Stwierdzono, że poziom magnezu obniżał się w ciągu 30-dniowej laktacji, szczególnie w okresie od 4. do 12. dnia po oźrebieniu. W mleku klaczy starszych była istotnie wyższa koncentracja magnezu. Także termin wystąpienia rui oddziaływał na poziom omawianego pierwiastka - klacze z rujami dawały mleko uboższe w magnez. Mleko najzasobniejsze w magnez produkowały klacze, u których ruja trwała średnio 4-7 dni.
The studies included the major organic meadow soils of Szczecin Pomerania, left fallow or sporadically used extensively. The following determinations were made: the content of plant available magnesium and potassium (using HCl at the concentration of 0.5 mol⋅dm- 3), their total forms (soluble in the mixture of concentrated acids HNO3 + HCIO4) as well as the content of potassium and magnesium in the meadow-pasture sward from the area under study. The results are presented in Table 1. The investigated peat-muck, gyttiamuck, mineral-muck and muckous soils, in the surface layer 0-30 cm deep (which was primarily the muck layer) mostly contained the amounts of potassium and magnesium typical of organic soils when soluble in the mixture of concentrated acids HNO3+HCIO4 but low and frequently very low amounts of potassium soluble in 0.5 mol⋅dm-3 HCl from (0.04 to 0.51g⋅kg-1). The content of this form of potassium depended on the degree of peat siltation. Low resources of available potassium were caused by the deficiency of this element in the meadow pasture sward since only in the sward of the Gryfinski Polder in Miedzyodrze and the sward from gyttia-muck soils near Miedwie Lake the optimum amounts were detected (above 15.0 g⋅kg-1 dry matter). In comparison with these results, the content of magnesium, soluble in 0.5 mol⋅dm-3 HCl in these soils was more favourable to plants (generally above 0.40 g⋅kg-1), which is considered high according to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG 1990). In meadow sward, magnesium content mostly exceeded 2.0 g⋅kg -1 dry matter so either approached or reached the optimum value for fodder. Despite this, the calculated K:Mg ionic ratios confirm an unfavourable fodder value.
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