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The objective of the present research was the analysis of chosen factors contributing to mortality of ewes and their lambs from a flock naturally infected with maedi-visna virus (MVV). 1,406 mother sheep and their 2,234 progeny of two synthetic prolific- meat lines BCP and SCP and Suffolk breed were investigated. Summing up the research results concerning mortality of dams and lambs in a MVV-infected flock, a hypothesis on virus detrimental effect on production traits and consequently economic situation of sheep industry has been supported. The study findings highlighted some hazards related to the virus presence in a herd and losses produced, and they may aid in the development of appropriate virus eradication strategies. Such programmes should include, among others, shortening the exploitation period of infected animals up to 3-4 years, replacement of culled sheep with animals from MVV- free flocks and finally, including the infection factor to selection procedures of dams and their progeny.
Selected haematological and biochemical parameters in blood of lambs born to maedi-visna virus (MVV) seropositive and seronegative ewes were investigated. The study included 116 lambs born to ewes with MVV antibodies and 111 lambs born from seronegative mothers. The presence of antibodies was determined by ELISA. Blood samples were taken prior to weaning and post-weaning at 18-23 and 80-88 d of age, respectively. The study revealed that age and serological status had a significant effect on most of investigated variables. Lambs from seropositive ewes had significantly lower average white cell counts (P<0.05) than lambs from seronegative ones. A similar relationship was noted for lymphocyte counts; however, granulocyte count was higher in the litter of uninfected ewes. Analysis of red blood cell indices of lambs from seropositive ewes showed significantly higher haematocrit, as well as marked changes in red blood cell volume and corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, compared with those from lambs born to uninfected ewes. There were no significant differences in platelet counts in both groups of lambs, tested on days 18-23; however, significantly lower values were noted in lambs born to seropositive ewes on days 80-88. Lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities and uric acid concentrations were higher in lambs from infected ewes at both time points.
Detection of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) in sheep and goats usually relies on serological testing. In this study, we evaluated semi-nested PCR and nested PCR techniques applied as a diagnostic tool for detection of maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in naturally infected sheep and goats, respectively. The examination of 193 ovine and 85 caprine serum samples by the ELISA revealed the presence of specific antibodies in 133 (69%) and 18 (21.2%) animals, respectively. Presence of proviral DNA was manifested in 103 (53.4%) sheep and 12 (14.2%) goats. Despite the relatively lower sensitivity of PCR, the fact of detection of proviral DNA in 19 out of 60 ovine samples and 7 out of 67 caprine samples collected from animals previously negative by ELISA was noteworthy. In conclusion, the data demonstrated that combinations of both ELISA and PCR might afford optimal detection of SRLVs infection.
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