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The study of human disorders known as premature aging syndromes may provide insight into the mechanisms of cellular senescence. The main feature of cellular senescence in vitro is cessation of cell proliferation. Down syndrome (DS) and neuronal ceroid-lypofuscinosis (NCL) are clinically characterized by the premature onset of numerous features normally associated with human aging. Phytohemagglu- tinin stimulated lymphocytes derived from DS subjects showed a statistically significant diminished proliferation capacity in comparison with lymphocytes derived from NCL and healthy individuals. We demonstrated, by applying the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, slightly impaired AP-1 DNA binding activity in NCL lymphocytes and strong in DS ones. Our results showed that the same molecular mechanisms of proliferation cessation could exist in fibroblasts characterized by replicative senescence and in lymphocytes derived from individuals with premature aging syndromes (Down).
Loss of homeostasis is a hallmark of malignant tumorigenesis and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have implicated apoptotic cell death pathways in initiating and propagating autoimmune diseases in susceptible individuals. During malignancy, however, there is an accumulation of cells resistant to apoptosis. Intriguingly, some patients with malignant tumors develop symptoms that cannot be explained solely on the basis of the effects produced by either the primary tumor or its metastases. The mechanisms responsible for these complex symptoms, known as paraneoplastic autoimmunity, remain the focus of investigation.
Lymphocytes were obtained by heart-punction from rats bearing Morris hepatoma. In the short term, 18-hour cultures of these lymphocytes exhibited a significantly higher amount of apoptotic cells than lymphocyte cultures from the healthy, control animals. Neuraminidase, injected into the caudal vein of the rats with Morris hepatoma, caused a marked lowering in the amount of apoptotic blood-lymphocytes and an elevation of the amount of viable cells. The possible mechanism of neuraminidase preventing the apoptosis of blood-circulating lymphocytes in tumour hosts is discussed herein.
Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory multiorgan disease of unknown origin. Our previous study demonstrated a significant correlation between the relative count of nonCD4+, nonCD8+ lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage of active sarcoidosis patients and proangiogenic activity of BAL homogenates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in a group of 40 patients with active sarcoidosis the possible relationship between the intensity of alveolitis, particularly the nonCD4+, nonCD8+ lymphocyte subset, and other parameters characterizing the level of pulmonary (lung function tests) and extrapulmonary (spleen longitudinal dimension) disease activity. We found that the relative count of nonCD4+, nonCD8+ lymphocytes in BAL correlated positively with spleen size (r=0.50, P<0.01) and negatively with static compliance (r=0.43, P<0.05). We concluded that the lymphocytes belonging to the nonCD4+nonCD8+ subset participate in the inflammatory process in sarcoidosis. However, more detailed phenotypic and functional characteristics of this cellular population are needed.
The purpose of the study was to compare flow cytometric and haematologic variables in dogs with spontaneous endometritis pyometra complex (EPC) treated with aglepristone to healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells: CD3, CD4, CD8, and B lymphocytes (CD21) were analysed by flow cytometry and white blood cell count. Significant differences were observed (P≤0.01) between control (C) and study (S) group in the total number of leukocytes, monocytes and granulocyte populations (without lymphocytes) on beginning, after 7 d, and return to reference value after 14 d of the treatment. The percentage of the T-cell (CD3+) at the beginning was 47.22 ±9.64% of total lymphocytes, in contrast to B lymphocytes (CD21+) that represented the smallest percentage of 14.24 ±7.74% (P≤0.01). The percentage of the lymphocytes CD4+ was 27.42 ±5.53% and CD8+ was 25.18 ±4.36%. The percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes was increasing throughout the experiment in group C and gradually decreased in group S from 14th to 28th d of dioestrus. No differences in the number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD21+ lymphocytes between group C and S on the 14th and 28th d of dioestrus (P≥0.05) were observed. The number of CD8+ cells in group S decreased gradually from day 14 to 28 but no statistical differences were noted. Treatment of pyometra with aglepristone decreased the number of leukocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes to referential value but statistically significant influence on the level of subpopulations of T and B lymphocytes was not observed. The results enabled to estimate for the first time the number of lymphocyte subpopulations in dioestrus in both healthy bitches as well as in those suffering from pyometra.
The aim of the present paper was to find out by in vitro chromosomal aberration test using human lymphocytes whether cysteine has anticlastogenic properties towards a well-known mutagen - mechlorethamine. The lymphocytes tested were obtained from three healthy donors. Two doses of cysteine (1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml) and three doses of mechlorethamine (0.1,0.2 and 0.3 μg m⁻¹) were tested. It was found that cysteine had anticlastogenic properties and that it reduced the number of metaphases with chromosomal aberrations induced by mechlorethamine.
The effects of magnesium on the genotoxicity of cadmium chloride and lead acetate were investigated. The DNA repair as the genotoxicity test was determined in cultured sheep lymphocytes treated with the heavy metals in combination with UV-induced DNA damage. Excision repair was performed by incorporation of [³H]-thymidine into DNA of lymphocytes synchronised with hydroxyurea in G₁/S phase. The results show that DNA repair was strongly affected by cadmium (Il) but only slightly in cells treated with lead, indicating rather mitogenic properties. Repair inhibition made by cadmium was restored after treatment of lymphocyte cultures with 0.4 mM. of magnesium chloride for six hours. In conclusion, genotoxicity of Cd or Pb to lymphocytic DNA was markedly decreased by the presence of Mg in culture media.
Thirty 15-month-old ewes were randomly allocated to three groups of 10 sheep each. One group was given a single infection of 60,000 T. colubriformis 3rd stage larvae (L3). The second group 2 was infected orally with 20,000, 40,000 and 60,000 L3 T. colubriformis at 21 day intervals and 21 days after the third dose the sheep were treated with Oxfendazole. Seven days later Groups 1 and 2 sheep were challenged with 60,000 L3 T. colubriformis. The third group was left as uninfected controls. All sheep were bled at weekly intervals and the blastogenic responses to Con A, PHA, PWM and LPS of peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated using tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA. When lymphocytes were cultured with Con A, PHA, PWM or LPS, a progressive decrease of blastogenic activity was observed up to 35 days after a single infection of sheep. In multiple infected sheep, the blastogenic responses to the mitogens were generally depressed from the second infection or shortly thereafter with a return to control levels observed only with LPS. Non-mitogen stimulated lymphocytes from single and multiple infected sheep showed significantly increased blastogenic activity on 35 day after each infection. The data indicate that this type of infection with T. colubriformis may have led to activation of peripheral lymphocytes, coinciding with diminished T-cell responsiveness to the mitogens.
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