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1

Repeat region of Brugia malayi sheath protein (Shp-1) carries Dominant B epitopes recognized in filarial endemic population

100%
Jawaharlal J. P. P., Madhumathi J., Prince R. P., Kaliraj P.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2014
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
Transmission of lymphatic filariasis is mediated through microfilariae (L1 stage of the parasite) which is encased in an eggshell called sheath. The sheath protein Shp-1 stabilizes the structure due to the unique repeat region with Met-Pro-Pro-Gln-Gly sequences. Microfilarial proteins could be used as transmission blocking vaccines. Since the repeat region of Shp-1 was predicted to carry putative B epitopes, this region was used to analyze its reactivity with clinical samples towards construction of peptide vaccine. In silico analysis of Shp-1 showed the presence of B epitopes in the region 49–107. The polypeptide epitopic region Shp-149–107 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Antibody reactivity of the Shp-149–107 construct was evaluated in filarial endemic population by ELISA. Putatively immune endemic normals (EN) showed significantly high reactivity (P < 0.05) when compared to all the other categories. Antibody reactivity of Shp-1 repeat region was similar to that of whole protein proving that this region carries B epitopes responsible for its humoral response in humans. Thus this can be employed for inducing anti-microfilarial immunity in the infected population that may lead to reduction in transmission intensity and also it could be used along with other epitopes from different stages of the parasite in order to manage the disease effectively.
2

Immunolocalization of disorganized muscle protein-1 in different life stages of human lymphatic flariid, Brugia malayi

100%
Kushwaha V., Sahasrabuddhe A. A., Murthy P. K.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2020
|
tom 65
|
nr 4
3

Evaluation of immuno diagnostic assay for the exposure of stage specific filarial infection

84%
Ravishankaran R., Shridharan R. N., Vishal L. A., Meenakshisundaram S., Karande A. A., Kaliraj P.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2016
|
tom 61
|
nr 2
4
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Lymphatic filariasis among the Ezza people of Ebonyi State, eastern Nigeria

84%
Anosike J. C., Nwoke B. E., Ajayi E. G., Onwuliri C. O., Okoro O. U., Oku E. E., Asor J. E., Amajuoyi O. U., Ikpeama C. A., Ogbusu F. I., Meribe C. O.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
|
2005
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tom 12
|
nr 2
181-186
A total of 1,243 Ezza people living in 10 communities of Ebonyi State, eastern Nigeria were examined between July 2002-January 2003 for lymphatic filariasis. This is the first time a filariasis survey due to Wuchereria bancrofti has been carried out in this state. Of the 1,243 persons examined, 210 (16.9%) had W. bancrofti microfilariae. Infection varied significantly among communities and ages (p<0.05) but not sex-related (p>0.05). The Ezza people are predominantly farmers and professional hired labourers. There was a close association between microfilaria rate and microfilaria -density in various age groups (r = 0.812; p<0.01). Microfilaria density is an important measure in the epidemiology, treatment and control of human filarisis in this endemic foci. Clinical signs and symptoms of the disease include elephantiasis, hydrocoele, dermatitis and periodic fever. Clinical symptoms without microfilaraemia and microfilaraemia without clinical symptoms were also observed. Of 1,603 mosquitoes dissected, Anopheles gambiae, An. funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus showed infectivity rates of 6.3%, 5.1% and 6.0% respectively. The affected persons and other key informants are unaware of the cause of the disease and attributed it to witchcraft, violation of taboo, bad water and food. Intervention strategies to be integrated into the on-going Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) project are discussed.
5

Immune responses of B. malayi thioredoxin (TRX) and venom allergen homologue (VAH) chimeric multiple antigen for lymphatic filariasis

84%
Anugraha G., Jeyaprita P. J., Madhumathi J., Sheeba T., Kaliraj P.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2013
|
tom 58
|
nr 4
Although multiple vaccine strategy for lymphatic filariasis has provided tremendous hope, the choice of antigens used in combination has determined its success in the previous studies. Multiple antigens comprising key vaccine candidates from different life cycle stages would provide a promising strategy if the antigenic combination is chosen by careful screening. In order to analyze one such combination, we have used a chimeric construct carrying the well studied B. malayi antigens thioredoxin (BmTRX) and venom allergen homologue (BmVAH) as a fusion protein (TV) and evaluated its immune responses in mice model. The efficacy of fusion protein vaccine was explored in comparison with the single antigen vaccines and their cocktail. In mice, TV induced significantly high antibody titer of 1,28,000 compared to cocktail vaccine TRX+VAH (50,000) and single antigen vaccine TRX (16,000) or VAH (50,000). Furthermore, TV elicited higher level of cellular proliferative response together with elevated levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 indicating a Th1/Th2 balanced response. The isotype antibody profile showed significantly high level of IgG1 and IgG2b confirming the balanced response elicited by TV. Immunization with TV antigen induced high levels of both humoral and cellular immune responses compared to either cocktail or antigen given alone. The result suggests that TV is highly immunogenic in mice and hence the combination needs to be evaluated for its prophylactic potential.
6

In search of a potential diagnostic tool for molecular characterization of lymphatic filariasis

84%
Saeed M., Adnan M., Khan S., Al-Shammari E., Mustafa H.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2016
|
tom 61
|
nr 1
7

Filarial glutathione S-transferase: its induction by xenobiotics and potential as drug target

84%
Gupta S., Rathaur S.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2005
|
tom 52
|
nr 2
Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) a Phase-II drug detoxification enzyme, was detected in Setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite. In vitro effect of diethylcarbamazine, butylated hydroxyanisole and phenobarbitone on the GST of adult female S. cervi was assayed by the addition of these compounds in the maintenance medium. The specific activity of GST towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was increased progressively 1.2–1.97, 1.3–2.4 and 1.2–2.7 times at 10–100 µM of diethylcarbamazine, butylated hydroxyanisole and phenobarbitone, respectively, after 5 h at 37oC. Substrate specificity studies showed a higher increase in specific activity with ethacrynic acid and no change with cumene hydroperoxide. Although the intensity of GST activity band was more in extract from diethylcarbamazine or butylated hydroxyanisole treated worms extract, an extra band of activity appeared in those worm extracts compared to control worm extract. SDS/PAGE showed increased thickness of the band corresponding to purified GST in extracts from diethylcarbamazine/butylated hydroxyanisole/phenobarbitone treated worms. Purification and quantification of GST from diethylcarbamazine and butylated hydroxyanisole treated worms indicated an increase in enzyme specific activity. The increase in GST protein by these agents was blocked by prior treatment with actinomycin D, indicative of a transcription dependent response. The role of this enzyme in motility and viability of microfilariae and adult female was tested in vitro using a range of known GST inhibitors. Of those tested, ethacrynic acid, ellagic acid, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, cibacron blue and butylated hydroxyanisole reduced the viability and motility of microfilariae and adult female worms at micromolar concentrations. These results suggest that S. cervi GST is inducible in response to the antifilarial drug diethylcarbamazine and may play an important role in parasite’s survival, thus could be a potential drug target.
8
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Vectors of lymphatic filariasis of human

67%
Okulewicz A., Fronska-Popiel A.
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
|
1999
|
tom 45
|
nr 4
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