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The purpose of the stratification is to group stands basing on the homogeneity of the measured feature. During periodic forest inventory in Poland, strata are created on the basis of age and the main species in stand within the boundary of forest district. In this work an improvement of distinguishing the strata during the forest inventory is presented. Three variants are considered: (1) distinguishing homogeneous strata in boundary of the whole forest district, not separately in forest subdistricts, (2) splitting species−aged strata into homogeneous substrata with respect to site quality, and (3) dividing strata of stands in the regeneration class with respect to stand density. Study was conducted in four mountain forest districts located in the Kłodzko Basin (SW Poland). Total area of these stands amounted to 43,052 ha, where 6,648 sample plots were established during the periodic inventory. ANOVA was used to test significance of the differences in tree volume and to assess variability reducing in distinguished substrata. Results indicated that in stands with age up to 70 years mean volume of trees on the sample plot does not differ significantly between sites, but in older stands difference was significant. Dividing age−species strata of stands older than 70 years into substrata according to site conditions influenced reduction of volume variability from 10 to 57% in newly created substrata. Dividing strata consisted of stands in regeneration class according to stand density index allowed to decrease the volume variability from 9 to 20%. Mean volume of trees in stands on similar sites does no differ significantly between subdistricts in the same forest district. Strata distinguished within the whole forest district are bigger and represented by more sample plots than on the subdistrict level, which significantly reduced standard error of volume and improved effectiveness of stratification in forest inventory.
The aim of the research was to assess the accuracy of the stratified sampling method used to estimate the standing volume of a forest district and to compare it with the accuracy of simple random sampling methods. The paper presents the variability of the variables affecting the accuracy of the stratified sampling method. We attempted to find the ways to increase this accuracy. The research was based on the empirical material collected on approximately 42,000 sample plots with a size of 50−500 m², and with an average of 737 plots per forest district. The standard deviation of the merchantable volume of trees on sample plots ranged from 87 to 213 m³/ha, with an average of 128 m³/ha. The coefficient of variation ranged from 5.3 to 28.5% (the average 40.8%). Using a simple random sampling method, the standard error of the volume ranged from 3.3 to 10.0 m³/ha (the average 4.8 m³/ha) and the relative error – from 1.01 to 3.41% (the average 1.55%). The absolute error of the stratified sampling method under which strata are formed on the basis of the main tree species and its age ranged from 2.9 to 7.4 m³/ha, the average 4.2 m³/ha, and the relative error ranged from 0.65 to 1.95%, 1.02% on average (tab.). The accuracy of the stratified sampling method was by 15% higher than that of the simple random sampling method. We found that the relationship between the volume of a sample plot and the main tree species and its age measured by the correlation coefficient was 0.453 on average. For the relationship between volume and age of stands this coefficient was on average 0.422, while between volume and main tree species – only 0.118. Stand age – as an auxiliary variable in formation of strata – proved to be of moderate usefulness resulting from a small difference in the standing volume of stands in older age classes. Main tree species turned out to be of slight usefulness in formation of strata, therefore it seems reasonable to find some other auxiliary variables to replace it.
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