The research material consisted of 50 families of Polish Large White sows, raised in pedegree piggeries in the area of the activity of the Regional Animal Breeding Station in Olsztyn. Altogether, 988 sows and 2319 litters originating from them were subject to investigation. It was found out there was a significant differentiation in the reproductive utility of sows coming from sows family founders with different average fecundity calculated on the basic of first three litters. The sows coming from family founders whose average litter size was more than 12 heads, showed the highest reproductive utility. A good reproductive utility was also observed in sows coming from families with the fecundity of 10-12 heads in a litter. The reproductive utility of sows in private farms was significantly better than in large-herd piggeries (socialized sector). The results of the investigation show a better selection of breeding material in private farms than in socialized ones, in which the choise was probably determined mainly by the appearance of the animals rather than the fecundity of their mothers.