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The interest in immaterial values has recently increased in economy, and the concept of social Capital grew in importance. It has been increasingly used in the analysis of the competitiveness of local government units and in the analysis of conditions for development, especially at the local level. Various approaches presented in literature were used in the article: they served as the basis for defining the role of social capital as an endogenous factor in local development. Social capital, understood as a social network connecting various subjects, cultural traditions, norms of social behaviour, and common positions favouring cooperation, constitutes the key factor of the competitiveness of local government units and determines the use of available resources.
The territory covered by protected areas in Poland sums up to 33.1% and amount of it varies as far as single regions are concerned. The region with the highest percentage of areas covered by them is Świętokrzyskie voivodeship — 62%. There are 72 gminas in Świętokrzyskie voivo­deship among which in 49 protected areas cover more than half of the territory. These areas are usually landscape parks and protected landscape areas. Financing economic development on the regional and local scale requires application of various indirect and direct instruments of structural and tax policy. The efficiency of local development financing is conditioned by both, external and internal factors. Among internal conditions the most important are: demo­graphic, unemployment rate, infrastructure and expenditure on social welfare and investments. First part of the dissertation presents the protected areas and problem areas in Świętokrzyskie voivodeship in the aspect of local development. Second part of the paper describes local investments funded from Regional Operational Program of Swiętkorzyskie voivodeship for years 2004-2006.
The limitations in electrical energy consumption in summer 2015 highlighted the need to support alternative energy sources in rural areas. Their use could have been supported throughout the country; however, only rural areas have rich supplies of biomass, the most accessible renewable energy source (uninfl uenced by weather conditions). The paper’s aim was to analyse major objectives and thematic areas of 60 local development strategies from the Małopolskie and Podkarpackie voivodeships. The assessment was conducted with respect to the strategic goals directed towards the use of renewable energy sources in rural areas. The investigated strategies, prepared by local action groups (LAG), covered the period of 2007–2013. The organizations were also examined in the research regarding their 2014–2020 development plans by means of an online survey. Renewable energy sources (RES) were included in detailed objectives or thematic fields in 50% of the examined 2007–2013 strategies. None of the major objectives of the investigated strategies touched upon renewable energy. Rural areas have the potential to increase their energy security; however, it requires adequate strategy and funds. Financial support for RES investment should be higher in those cases where biomass and flowing waters can be used. The organizations subject to the analysis put too little priority on the use of biomass and its local processing, allocating financial resources to solar thermal collectors and photovoltaics.
The aim of the article is to present forms of cooperation between local authorities and non-governmental organisations, taking into consideration the model of cooperation between public administration and NGOs and legal aspects.The research part of the article is based on the secondary data from “Barometr Współpracy 2009” (Cooperation Barometer 2009) report and the research results from the authors’ analysis of the selected examples of good practices of cooperation undertaken by the units of territorial self-government in the Lublin Province. The forms of cooperation and the amount of public funds devoted to the activities of the non-governmental organisations have been analysed. Moreover, the examples of cooperation realized by self-governments in the Lublin Province have been provided. The present analysis has demonstrated that the development of cross-sectoral cooperation requires more commitment from its partners. The parties should adjust the model solutions to existing possibilities and local resources. The creation of an appropriate model of cooperation between local authorities and nongovernmental organisations is a positive example of creativity, activity and development of both types of sectors, which will unquestionably be appreciated by local communities.
The aim of this paper is to present the character and scale of the investment activity of the Wisznice Commune in the years 2010-2012, with particular focus on the investments co-financed through the European Union funds. It also demonstrates the level of activity of the Wisznice Commune’s self-government in the absorption of the European funds, in comparison with other rural communes in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The Author’s research proves that the Wisznice Commune is one of the leading rural communes in the Lubelskie Voivodeship in terms of the number of submitted applications, the obtained amount of subsidies per one inhabitant, and the value of investment spending. The scale and character of its investments indicate a high level of activity and innovativeness of its local leaders. In effect, the analysed Commune is also one of the leading rural communes in terms of general development, and can serve as an example to other rural communes in the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The paper quotes from primary and secondary sources of research material.
The article presents the results of the survey on the sustainable development’s level of 17 rural communes of Bialski district which is based on the statistical data collected from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office from 2012. On the basis of the obtained data, a selected group of indicators of environmental, economic and social dimensions has been specified which allows to measure the level of sustainable development in the indicated communes. The analysis of the indicators’ value has, through the usage of ranking process, allowed for extracting of three communes’ g roups reflecting differential level of sustainable development. Too significant differences in measurer’s values referring to dimensions of sustainable development in the examined subjects indicate their developmental disharmony which results in placing a commune in a group of a lower level of sustainable development.
The paper presents characteristics of the development level in rural and urban-rural communes, situated in border areas of three Voivodeships in western Poland (Zachodniopomorskie, Lubuskie and Dolnośląskie). In order to classify and compare rural areas, Hellwig’s synthetic measure was used. The analysis showed that communes with a high level of development are concentrated mainly in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, including Szczecin’s suburban area as well as the Baltic coastal zone.
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“Slow city” as a local development model

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Subject and purpose of work: The goal of the article is to characterize the “slow city” model, its assumptions, conditions and effects of its implementation in Polish conditions. It also aims to present intelligent solutions in using own resources of small cities. Materials and methods: The article was based on the study and synthesis of Polish and foreign literature and a review of strategic documents of Polish cities belonging to Cittaslow. Results: The article fills the existing gap in the area of contemporary strategies for the development of small towns. It describes the “slow city” model, on the basis of which small cities belonging to the Cittaslow city network are developing. Intelligent solutions in the use of endogenous own resources of small cities are also presented. Conclusions: The analysis carried out made it possible to state that the “slow city” model is useful in the development of small towns. It guarantees optimal and intelligent use of endogenous resources of a small town. However, the review of the strategic documents of the cities of “slow city” shows that these cities affect, like most small cities, negative socio-economic phenomena.
The article presents the results of research on the agrotourist entrepreneurship. Such entrepreneurship is understood, among other things, as rural service providers inclination towards self organization of agrotourist associations, willingness to cooperate with farmers running agrotourism farms, foreign language skills and intention of making use of European Union funds.
Over the recent years activities in the field of territorial marketing have been gaining in importance in Poland. Specially programmed marketing activities enable communes, districts or regions to obtain such necessary development factors as financial capital, human capital, tangible items and technology. Local authorities play a crucial role in this field as they are the main entities that prepare, organize, implement, coordinate and control all marketing activities in a certain place. In practice, such activities depend on many factors. The paper discusses promotion tools used by the communes of Mazovian Province and identifies barriers of marketing activities. Regardless of the level of socio-economic development of the communes, majority of the respondents indicated financial issues as barriers to marketing activities.
More and more frequently, one witnesses these days the appearance of a new approach to historical cultural landscapes. Not only do they now embrace objects of historical and environmental value, but also the potential for local and regional development. However, such an understanding of historical cultural landscapes, as a potential for local and regional development, necessitates additional instruments, plans, approaches, and methodologies. The article presents an analysis of a landscape plan in Germany and a case study on the potential of historical cultural landscapes for local and regional development in Poland. Conducted studies reveal the usefulness of activities for the protection of historical cultural landscapes in the context of land management. Such activities contribute to the improvement of landscape protection and conservation methods, taking into consideration their potential for local and regional development at the same time.
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