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Wild berries of the genus Vaccinium have become increasingly popular in human health promotion due to their nutritional and medicinal properties. Some striking divergence of opinion about the content of triterpenoids in these plants still exists, meanwhile, this very large class of natural isoprenoids exhibits a wide range of biological activities and hence is of growing research interest. An investigation of triterpenoidal constituents from the cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaeaL.) plant led to the isolation of two isomeric acids:oleanolic and ursolic and the occurrence of their derivatives in this plant was demonstrated for the first time. Free triterpene acids as well as small amounts of their bound forms (presumable glycosides and glycoside esters) occur in fruits and the vegetative part of the plant, however, in various amounts and different ratios. The total content of both acids was the highest in organs regarded as traditional herbal resources, namely fruits and leaves (1 and 0.6% of dry mass, respectively), whereas it was markedly lower in stems and rhizomes. However, the rhizomes were in turn the plant organ containing relatively the highest amount of the bound forms of both acids (0.01% of dry mass). Ursolic acid was dominant in the whole plant, but the ratio of oleanolic to ursolic acid was significantly different in individual organs, decreasing from the upper (fruits 1:2.4, leaves 1:2) to the lower (stems 1:3.5, rhizomes 1:5.2) parts of the plant. This pattern of distribution of triterpenoids in the plant may have an important physiological and ecological meaning.
The content of polyphenols compounds in leaves in populations of red whortleberry (Vac- cinium vitis- idaea L.), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva- ursi (L.) Sprengel) growing wild in Mazury and Podlasie were compared. *7 The highest content of arbutin and tannins was characteristic for bearberry leaves, the highest content of polyphenolic acids was characteristic for bilberry and flavonoids for red whortleberry. Significantly higher content of arbutin and tannins was characteristic for raw materials collected in autumn.
The main aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and total polyphenols content in fifteen herbal plants, such as chamomile flower head, oak bark, St. John’s-wort herb, hawthorn flower, dog rose and elder fruits, lingonberry leaf, and many more. From the herbs both the water and methanolic extracts were prepared. The highest antioxidant activity and the highest polyphenols level were obtained for lingonberry leaves (1752.9 mg Trolox/g d.w. and 199.6 mg catechin/g d.w., respectively). The oak bark, St. John’s-wort herb, and flowers of hawthorn and elder were also a very valuable source of antioxidant compounds. It was demonstrated that, in contrary to water, methanol was more efficient solvent for extraction of antioxidant compounds from lingonberry leaf, lime flower, fruits of elder and doge rose, oak bark, flowers of hawthorn, St. John’s-wort herb and heartsease herb. Therapeutic activity of some examined herbs did not depend on antioxidant activity.
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