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Under light stress of 1000 /imol s-1m-2 (λ=400 - 700 nm) for 140 min cyanobacteria mats of "tintenstrich" formations on limestone rocks of Kobylaňska-Valley, west of Cracow, Poland showed reduction of the potential and eiTective quantum yield variables ∆F/Fm' and Fv/Fm3, respectively of PSII and the samples first recovered partly after six days. Also, the Fo level, known to be affected by environmental stress, increased rapidly due to strong light intensity. Sulphite stress (100 mM) was first manifested very clearly after a long, 15h exposure, but not during the first 40 min. Thus, these terrestrial cyanobacteria appear to be less sensitive to sulphite stress than eucaryotic algae, lichens and higher plants studied so far. It is not yet clear if this is due to i) special adaptation of these free living terrestrial cyanobacteria growing in a heavily polluted area, ii) buffering capacity of the limestone support, or iii) other factors.
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The storm surge recorded in a thin section

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Limestone and sandstone beds deposited by storms are called tempestites, and exhibit much variation in thickness, grain size and internal structures, depending on the proximity and on the intensity of the storm waves. In this paper, diagnostic features of storm beds observed in thin sections, was presented. Characteristic features are investigated on the basis of detailed study in the Upper Devonian carbonates in the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland).
The fossil Charophyta from the Devonian sediments of Spitsbergen are here described for the first time and classified to the species rank on the basis of thin sections.
Qualitative analysis of algae, including microhabitats and vascular vegetation in a spring niche, together with basic physical and chemical characteristics is presented. 175 diatom taxa as well as taxa of macroalgae and vascular plants were determined in the spring niche, and the community types were defined. Seasonal variability of diatom communities was observed. The influence of a flood as a catastrophe on the community of diatoms and macroalgae was noticed.
As a result of enlarging the depth of exploitation of raw rock material deposits of marl and limestone at Leśnica-Małogoszcz (Przedborsko- Małogoskie Range – Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship), initially to the level of +215 m a.s.l. and then +200 m a.s.l., a mine depression cone will develop, which may threaten the existence of wetlands included in the Natura 2000 network. The wetlands are present in the pre-gorge section of Łososina river flowing through Grząby Bolmińskie and Gnieździskie Hills, at the mouth section of its hydrometrically ungauged tributary – the Wrzosówka river. In the study there has been demonstrated the possibility of preserving the current state of moisture content of the habitats which exist here, taking into account the quantitative characteristics of the components of water cycle and morphological conditions. The analysis of water resources has shown that under the conditions of a functioning mine depression cone, they will be sufficient to supply endangered wetlands and enable their irrigation. The solutions of an ecohydrological character have also been put forward which would compensate the loss of water in the area within the open-pit mine depression cone. This would require the construction of dams (e.g. artifi cial rapids) in the Wrzosówka river bed and a system of ditches at the bottom of its valley.
10 representative samples of limestone were collected from the Arimogija- Okeluse Axis of the Dahomey Basin and subjected to X-Ray Fluorescence analysis. Major and Trace elements were used to classify and predict the depositional environment of Arimogija-Okeluse limestone. The results for the major oxide composition revealed that CaO content ranges from 47.6-52.31% with a mean value of 50.06%. SiO2 concentration varies from 1.94-5.24% with an average of 3.36%. Fe2O3. MgO, and Al2O3 contents have mean values of 1.702%, 1.52%, and 1.09% respectively. Other oxides; Na2O, P2O5, K2O and TiO2 are low in concentration. The Loss on Ignition also varies from 38.9-41.8 with a mean value of 40.43% suggesting a high carbonate content for the limestone. Standard Ca/Mg and Mg/Ca ratios varies from 25.87-37.63 and 0.03-0.04 with a mean of 33.31and 0.031 respectively. The high strontium content reveals a saline environmental condition of formation for the limestone. The results obtained showed that the Arimogija-Okeluse limestone is a Magnesian limestone deposited in a shallow marine environment and suitable for cement production.
Borneo has a significant role to play in the conservation of bat diversity in Southeast Asia, yet there is little taxonomic and distribution information available for the Indonesian states that represent over two thirds of the island. We report the results of a four week harp-trap and mistnet survey of four limestone karst formations on the Sangkulirang peninsula in East Kalimantan during August 2004. We recorded 36 taxa, including two (a Pipistrellus and Rhinolophus) that may represent new species, and three (Hipposideros bicolor, Myotis horsfieldii and M. montivagus) that are new records for Kalimantan. Several species, including the karst dependent and patchily distributed Hipposideros larvatus, Rhinolophus creaghi and R. pusillus, were highly abundant at the formations. In Borneo, many of the species were previously known from only a few, or scattered, localities including four Red-Listed species (R. creaghi, M. montivagus, Murina rozendaali and Kerivoula minuta). We review the Bornean distributions of individual species given recent surveys in Kalimantan and present taxonomic data from 135 specimens collected during this study. This represents the largest bat collection in Kalimantan so far undertaken and highlights the Sangkulirang peninsula as a key site for bat diversity and conservation in Borneo. Threats to this area include disturbance from bird nest collection in caves, but also mass disturbance from logging and forest fires. We advocate inclusion of the formations and associated forests into a protected area to safeguard this biological resource.
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