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Experiments were carried out in the experimental station “Marcelin” of Poznań University of Life Sciences in 2006. The objective of this study was to compare eight dill cultivars in order to determine their usefulness for cultivation in containers in different lighting conditions (PPFD -100 and 75 μmol·m-2·s-1).The following cultivars ‘Amat’, ‘Ambrozja’, ‘Herkules’, ‘Krezus’, ‘Kronos’, ‘Lukullus’, ‘Skaner’ and ‘Szmaragd’ were compared. In the first week of cultivation, higher plants and greater biomass were obtained in the cultivation at 100 µmol. m-2.s-1 in comparison with plants growing at 75 µmol. m-2.s-1. After four weeks of growth, no differences in the parametric assessment of plants growing at 100 µmol. m-2.s-1 and at 75 µmol. m-2.s-1 were observed. ‘Ambrozja’ cultivar was characterized by the highest growth dynamics and value of LAI index, while ‘Skaner’ by the lowest. The performed experiments showed that ‘Ambrozja ‘cultivar is the most suitable one for cultivation in containers.
The aim of this study was to compare chemical composition of lemon balm and basil herbage grown in containers under fluorescent lamps (FL) and LED modules (LEDs). There were significant differences in the response of the species for the applied source of light. The content of essential oils was greater in basil herbage under fluorescent lamps, whereas the content of essential oils in lemon balm herbage was greater under LED lamps. The basil and lemon balm plants were characterised by high content of fructose and glucose and by very low content of sucrose. There were no significant differences in the nitrates content in basil and lemon balm herbage grown under either source of light. Both the basil and lemon balm herbage were found to have higher content of macroand micronutrients when they were grown under LEDs compared with fluorescent lamps. It can be concluded that the chemical composition of lemon balm and basil herbage was very varied and dependent on both the light and the species.
Methods based on the principle of hemispherical canopy projection, including hemispherical photography (digital andfilm), sensors like LAI 2000 (zenith cutoff anle 74,1°) andstable horizontoscope, represent less accurate, yet significantly less expensive andtime-consuming techniques for radiation measurements comparedto long-term measurement with a network of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors. With measurements taken at a single point in time they can provide reliable estimates of relative diffuse andd irect solar radiation andcan also be usedto estimate the light climate in different times of the year. The four above mentioned methods for solar radiation estimation were applied at the same points in gaps and under adjacent canopies in unevenaged, mixed Dinaric fir-beech and pure beech montane forests. Locations covereda range of radiation andstandstructure conditions. Data analyses showedgoodreliability of all four methods over the whole range (2–80%) of radiation conditions. The most comparable results come from LAI 2000 andfilm hemispherical photography (all R > 0.90). Digital hemispherical photography is an accurate andreliable (R = 0.89) replacement for film hemispherical photography, but the higher values estimatedfor direct radiation should be taken into account. Compared to the other three methods, the stable horizontoscope gives less accurate results, especially under canopies with poorly defined gaps. Our study showed that all four methods tested are suitable for estimating the solar radiation climate in gaps and stands with heterogeneous vertical structures, andhave potential value as a tool in decision making when practicing silviculture.
Unfavorable light conditions in urban areas are one of the most important cause of inappropriate grass communities condition. The possibility to detect the plant stress caused by shade is an important element in shaping the environment. The answer to following questions: what is the ability to detect the stress caused by shade in chosen lawn varieties of Perennial ryegrass by using the chlorophyll a fluorescence (O-J-I-P test) and which of tested varieties has the best properties to create grasslands in reduced light conditions is the aim of this work. Two-factor experimental micro-plot was conducted with three varieties and three different shadowing variants. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements were provided and were compared to leaf density. Our results explored significant difference between selected varieties in the terms of their photosynthetic apparatus adaption to light conditions. During May, all tested varieties were characterized by the rise of all fluorescence curve points under lower light intensity. The largest changes under shade conditions were noticed for the variety ‘Taya’. During next months a declining trend of photosynthetic effi ciency for this variety was observed. On the basis of our results, we assume that each variety has unique threshold and needs of light intensity.
Using 6 culture media (12, 12D, 12G, 11, A and B) made up of MS medium (Murashige-Skoog, 1962) supplemented or not with glycerine, with different cytokinins, and/or 2,4-D, the morphological characteristics and contents in total carbohydrates, reducing sugars, sucrose and starch were studied in calli induced from explants (cotyledon, petiole, hypocotyl and leaf) obtained from Medicago strasseri seedlings. Callus formation was induced under photoperiod (16h light/8h darkness) conditions or in the absence of light. Considerable variability in the calli was observed, depending on the explants and media used. Under photoperiod conditions, medium A with KIN (1 mg/l) and 2,4-D (3 mg/l) induced many calli with the highest contents in total carbohydrates (886.1–889.3 mg/g DW), sucrose (132.1–188.2 mg/g DW) and starch (125.2–247.6 mg/g DW) and the lowest contents in reducing sugars (118.4–173.3 mg/g DW). In media 11, A and B, under conditions of darkness, calli degenerated at the start of culture. Calli developed in darkness generally had dry weights and total carbohydrate and starch contents lower than those cultured under photoperiod conditions. However, sucrose contents were greater in calli formed in darkness. At these cultures times, differentiation, in the form of organogenesis, was only seen using medium B with cotyledons, petioles and leaves as explants. It was also observed when petioles were cultured in medium A but with a less pronounced organogenic response.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature and humidity of air and light conditions in autumn in SK Nowielice stables. This study did not reveal any aberrancies from proper zoohygienic standards and thus did not decrease in horse welfare in autumn.
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This paper describes the antioxidant capacity of cruciferous sprouts and its components in the course of germination under light conditions. The content of soluble proteins (SP), reduced glutathione (GSH), L-ascorbic acid (AH2), tocopherols (a-T, b-T, g-T, d-T) and total phenolic compounds (TPC), and finally Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of the seeds and sprouts were determined in this respect. The results obtained were used for calculating the contribution of these compounds to total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of seeds and sprouts. The TAC of the samples was calculated as the sum of TEAC obtained by ABTS test (formed by TPC and AH2 presence) plus sum of the antioxidant capacities provided by tocopherols, soluble proteins and GSH. The percentage contribution of TPC was corrected by the content of AH2 due to the overestimated TPC values determined by Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent, and a simple correction method is shown. Both corrected TPC and AH2 contribution was above 99%, 83% and 59% in radish, small radish and rapeseeds and about 97%, 73% and 71% in 5-day sprouts, respectively. The contribution of SP, GSH and T (a-T, b-T, g-T, d-T) in forming the antioxidant screen of the seeds and sprouts was of a minor importance since it did not exceed 6% in the seeds and approximately 2% in the sprouts collected after the fourth day of germination. This study indicates TPC and AH2 to be the most important antioxidants in cruciferous sprouts.
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