Background. This study was focused on investigations of secondary regulators of plasma leptin levels such as prolactin, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and nutritional status, in young female athletes with menstrual disorders. Material and methods. Thirty four female professional rowers with menstrual disorders (iamenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea), aged 18.1 ±2.0, with a training period of 4.3 ±2.1 and BMI of 21.0 ±2.1 kg/m2, with too high (IL) or too Iow plasma leptin levels (DL) participated in the study. The nutritional status was evaluated based on the analysis of body composition using the BIA method - percentage of adipose tissue (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) and skinfold thickness (ST) using a Harpenden skinfold caliper. Moreover, serum levels of leptin, prolactin, testosterone and SHBG were estimated using RIA kits. Results. Values of BMI, ST, FM were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in IL athletes, while FFM was significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to DL rowers (BMI: IL 22.3 ±2.2 kg/m2, DL 20.2 ±1.4 kg/m2, ST: IL 12.4 ±4.0 mm, DL 9.5 ±2.1 mm, FM: IL: 23.2 ±4.9%, DL: 19.3 ±3.3%, FFM: IL 76.8 ±4.9%, DL 80.7 ±3.4%). The results of plasma leptin level correlated (p < 0.05) with anthropometric parameters (age: r = -0.38, body mass: r = 0.46, BMI: r = 0.59, ST: r = 0.40), body composition (FM%: r = 0.48, FM kg: r = 0.55, FFM%: r = -0.48), prolactin (r = 0.72) and testosterone levels (r = 0.43). Conclusions. The results confirmed the strong influence of body mass and fat mass on serum leptin levels. However, high prolactin and testosterone levels may also favourably increased plasma leptin levels in athletes and also affect menstrual disorders.
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