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Lead levels in cord blood (PbB) of 92 neonates living in the town of Chorzów (Upper Silesia) have been determined. The mean PbB concentration was 5.29mg/dl (SD= 2.24) in the all investigated groups.The mean Pb-CB was higher in preterm babies (x= 6.87mg/dl, SD=1.67 ), especially in boys. Pb-CB concentrations were higher in the neonates born to mothers aged more than 30 years, smoking before and during pregnancy, having bad living conditions, living close to gasoline station.
Raw milk from 15 districts in Lithuania was analysed in winter and grazing seasons in 2005. Lead and cadmium were determined by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry. Mean cadmium concentrations in winter milk samples amounted to 0.37 μg/kg (0.25-0.49 μg/kg) and in summer ones 0.18 μg/kg (0.11-0.23 μg/kg). The mean concentrations of lead in samples collected in winter and in summer were 0.47 μg/kg (0.17-1.0 μg/kg) and 0.54 μg/kg (0.06-1.76 μg/kg), respectively. No individual sample exceeded the Lithuanian norm value for lead (20 μg/kg). The health quality of Lithuanian milk can be considered as very high in the aspect of cadmium and lead contamination.
In 2009 we investigated exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury in 80 women aged 50-59 in an urban area of Poland. Blood levels of lead, cadmium, and total mercury were used as biomarkers. The participants completed an extended questionnaire to identify potential sociodemographic, lifestyle, and nutritional correlates for the concentration of metals in the blood. The geometric means in the study population were: 21.5 μg/l (95% CI 20-23) for blood lead, 0.67 μg/l (95% CI 0.56-0.79) for blood cadmium, and 0.75 μg/l (95% CI 0.64- 0.87) for total mercury in the blood. Regression analyses revealed that the increased lead levels in the blood were significantly associated with BMI values under 25 kg/m², being postmenopausal, smoking habits, the use of heating sources other than electricity or centrally heated buildings, and frequent or constant trucks passing through a residential area. The levels of cadmium in the blood were significantly higher in subjects who smoked cigarettes and decreased as education increased. Fish consumption and the number of teeth containing amalgam were the only factors that were significantly associated with blood mercury levels.
The bays of Skikda and Jijel present an ecosystem of great biological diversity and a significant economic interest (fishing and trading ports, industrial zones and tourism). They are threatened by the inputs of industrial effluents that are loaded with different substances, especially heavy metals. These pollutants have the distinction of being toxic and non-biodegradable, they accumulate in the different levels of the food chain which represents a danger for human health. The present work aimed to evaluate the impact of metal pollution in both bays via the study of the bioaccumulation of heavy metals namely, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in red mullet Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758. Forty two (42) fish samples were obtained from 4 sites, 2 from bays of Skikda and 2 from bays of Jijel. After preparation, lyophilisation and mineralisation, samples were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for detection of Cd and Pb concentrations in µg/g of dry weights. Lead has reached the values of 141.666±5.238 and 89±3.464 µg/g in Skikda sites and 20±1.527 and 10±0.577 µg/g in Jijel sites, while Cd has reached 0.76±0.023 and 0.3±0.011 µg/g in Skikda, with lowest values in Jijel 0.116±0.008 and 0.1±0.005 µg/g. The highest levels were recorded in the areas that are subject to anthropogenic pollution, namely the port areas and the oil industry (Skikda bays). While the low concentrations were found in less polluted areas like Jijel bays. The results obtained in this study are alarming and reflect a significant level of pollution especially in the bays of Skikda. Preventive and remedial measures and awareness raising are needed.
Oznaczono zawartości metali ciężkich: kadmu, ołowiu i miedzi metodą FAAS w surowcach zielarskich i w glebach. Próbki mineralizowano metodą mokrą w kwasach lub w ich mieszaninach: HNO3, HNO3+H2SO4, HNO3+HCIO4, HNO3+H2O2 przy użyciu promieniowania mikrofalowego w układzie otwartym. W ocenie jakości uzyskanych wyników wykorzystywano materiał odniesienia: gleba (RTH 912, Promochem). Stwierdzono, ze surowce lecznicze pochodzące z naturalnych obszarów miasta Gliwic i Opola były bogate w badane pierwiastki w porównaniu do handlowych roślinnych surowców leczniczych.
Zbadano możliwość obniżenia poziomu ołowiu i kadmu w marchwi w trakcie procesu kulinarnego obejmującego obróbkę wstępną (obieranie i moczenie surowca w wodzie) oraz gotowanie metodą tradycyjną w dwóch wariantach, rozpoczynając proces od wrzącej i od zimnej wody. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono stosując marchew pochodzącą z rynku warszawskiego oraz z upraw działkowych i polowych na Górnym Śląsku.
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