Coenagrion armatum is a Siberian species whose south-western boundary of its distribution area goes through Poland. Formerly, it passed through the western part of the country. In the last 30–40 years it moped back ca. 300 km due to climatic and anthropogenic environmental changes. Currently, it runs through eastern regions – its putative form is shown on Fig. 1. The authors give five new sites of the species (Fig. 1). Breeding populations are probably at sites 1–3 (good habitat conditions, usually the large numbers of imagines) and less likely at site 5 (a water body partially dries out). In Puławy (site 4) a single imago was recorded in an unusual environment (a river slope), however, the complexes of water bodies in the valleys of the River Kurówka and Wisła are located nearby. The sites 4 and 5 are the first known from over 10 years in Poland which are located to the west of 22°N. They confirm the hypothesis of Bernard at al. (2009) about the existence of scattered relict populations outside this line. Probably there are more of them but a short and early flight period of C. armatum is the cause of its overlooking in faunistic studies. Nevertheless, the sites 1–3 are important because they confirm the form of the current species distribution area which was determined approximately due to the lack of precise data. The authors suggest the evaluation program as well as passive and active protection of C. armatum. It would be particularly important due to the regress and strong threats of the species in the neighbouring countries of Poland from the west and south – Poland is an important refugium of this species in Central Europe.
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