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The paper presents the properties of soils of eutrophic fir forest stands in lower montane zone in Beskid Niski and Beskid Sądecki Mts. (southern Poland). Efforts were made to put some order in the issues related to the site system, in which the fir plays a dominant role. The study was conducted in 10 study sites reflecting the living conditions of eutrophic silver fir forest. On each plot the topography conditions were described, soil pit was done and samples for laboratory analysis were taken. We determined the following soil characteristics: pH, the content of C and N, particle size, the contents of Ca, Mg, Na and K, exchangeable acidity, aluminum content and hydrolityc acidity. Additionally, diameter at the breast height and height of firs were measured. Cambisols (Epidystric, Hyperdistric and Eutric) are soils typical for eutrophic fir forest stands. The study confirmed that the eutrophic fir forests occupy mainly moderately cool slopes: north, east and north−east. The eutrophic fir forests prefer the lower parts of the slopes or low hills. Eutrophic nature of the soil occupied by the fir forests confirms the quality of accumulated humus. The mull humus type was found the most frequently. Only in two cases moder humus type was noted. The advantageous properties of humus−mineral horizon reflects decomposition level of organic matter expressed as the proportion C/N (range from 11.2 to 19.1). Particle size of Cambisols of eutrophic fir forest stand was very diverse and was associated with the nature of the parent material. Fertility of the soils was reflected in the trophic soil index for mountain area (SIGg=30−37), which was confirmed by the high site index of these stands.
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59%
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1837
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tom 13
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nr 1-2
The study was carried out in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains in Abietetum polonicum fir forests, Peucedano-pinetum mesic pine forests and Pino-Quercetum mixed forests in 2002. The aim of the study was to identify the structure of the Carabidae assemblages. A total of 2147 individuals representing 30 species were caught. The highest diversity was recorded in the assemblage inhabiting the fir sites, and the lowest in the assemblage of the mixed forest sites. The mixed and fir forest assemblages were the most similar both qualitatively and quantitatively. The prevailing zoogeographical elements were Euro-Siberian species in the fir forests, European Forest Province species in the pine forest, and Palearctic and European Forest Province species in the mixed forest.
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