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Effects of forest roads on large mammal behaviour

100%

Turk Y., Cometen S., Keten A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2020

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tom 68

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nr 4

2

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Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian Peninsula

80%

Meloro C.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2011

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tom 56

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nr 1

Communities of large mammals exhibit changes in morphological diversity through space and time; changes that are possibly correlated to distinct aspects of the physical environment. Here, I explore shape changes in the trophic apparatus of large carnivore guilds, comparing extant communities with Quaternary ones, from peninsular Italy. Mandibular shape is quantified through geometric morphometrics and its disparity is computed for each carnivore guild. Patterns of morphospace occupation through space and time reveal that extant carnivore guilds are negatively influenced by number of artiodactyls. Very productive ecosystems show low values of morphological disparity because species tend to occupy central regions of the morphospace rather than extreme areas. Disparity of mandibular corpus shape remains relatively stable throughout the Quaternary in the large carnivore communities of the Italian peninsula. They exhibit similar values to extant guilds because the trophic apparatus did not evolved important morphological novelties. Interestingly, carnivore guilds of the late Pliocene (3.5 Ma) and early Pleistocene (0.8 Ma) show over−dispersed or random morphospace occupation because of a depleted fauna, precluding successive structural changes. The same applies for the extant European carnivore guild as a result of recent extinctions without replacement.

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Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace Region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications

80%

Geraads D., Kaya T., Mayda S.

Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 3

Collecting over the last twenty years in sand and gravel quarries near Yulafli in European Turkey has yielded a substantial fauna of large mammals. The most significant of these for biochronology are well−preserved remains of the ursid Indarctos arctoides, the suid Hippopotamodon antiquus, and several rhino genera. They point to a late Vallesian (MN 10−equivalent) age. Several other taxa, of longer chronological range, are in good agreement with this dating. The Proboscidea include, besides the Eastern Mediterranean Choerolophodon, the Deinotherium + Tetralophodon association, commonly found in Europe, and the rare “Mastodon” grandincisivus, here reported for the first time in the Vallesian. The age of Yulafli shows that the large size of some taxa, such as Deinotherium (size close to that of D. gigantissimum) and Dorcatherium, does not always track chronology. The Yulafli fauna is close in composition and ecology to other localities in Turkish Thrace, and also shares several taxa unknown in Anatolia, especially Dorcatherium, with the North−Western European Province. It reflects a forested/humid landscape that extended in Vallesian times along the Aegean coast of Turkey, perhaps as far South as Crete, quite distinct from the open environments recorded at the same period in Greek Macedonia and Anatolia, and probably more like the central European one. Together with the establishment of a Tethys–Paratethys marine connection, this “Eastern Aegean Province” likely acted as an ecological barrier that hindered East−West migrations of open−country large mammals, such as bovids or long−limbed giraffes, and might have contributed to the differentiation of Ouranopithecus and Ankarapithecus.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

1 Polish Journal of Ecology

1 Cometen S.

1 Geraads D.

1 Kaya T.

1 Keten A.

1 Mayda S.

1 Meloro C.

1 Turk Y.

1 2020

1 2011

1 2005

Effects of forest roads on large mammal behaviour

Morphological disparity in Plio-Pleistocene large carnivore guilds from Italian Peninsula

Late Miocene large mammals from Yulafli, Thrace Region, Turkey, and their biogeographic implications