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The aim of the present study was to determine and adapt surgical procedures of nephrectomy in domestic pigs. Procedures include surgical access, vessel preparation and ligation during retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy. The experimental part of the study should help in optimizing a similar technique for dogs. Eight retroperitoneal nephrectomies were performed in eight pigs using either titanium clips with a mechanical morcellation or a linear stapler with manual morcellation. Four ports were used, one 10 mm camera port, one 10 mm and two 5 mm working ports. After the creation of retroperitoneal space, the renal vein, renal arteria and ureter were separately occluded. Once these elements were sectioned the kidney was removed in an extraction sac by mechanical or manual morcellation. There was no incidence of complication during all operations, therefore conversion to classic nephrectomy was not performed. After two months of observations post mortem examinations revealed no peritoneal adhesion formation in two groups of animals. Both the linear stapler and titanium clips enabled an effective occlusion of renal vessels during retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomies in pigs. The described operations decreased traumatization of the abdomen wall.
The aim of the study was to develop new techniques for the repeated recovery of goat and sheep oocytes useful for culture and fertilization in vitro and cloning and the evaluation of the efficacy of the established method. Oocytes were aspirated with a syringe or an originally designed catheter for aspiration. The oocytes donors were 54 goats. The animals were premedicated, after which general anesthesia was induced. The general anesthesia lasted about 22 min. The endoscope was inserted into the abdominal cavity. Two trockars for putting the manipulators were inserted 15 cm below the udder. Oocytes were collected by the aspiration of the follicular fluid from the ovarian follicles. Depending on the size, a single aspiration of up to 8 follicles was performed. The collected oocytes were evaluated under a stereoscopic microscope. The following rules of the evaluation and classification of the oocytes were established: class I - homogenous cytoplasm, at least 3 layers of the granulosa cells; class II - homogenous cytoplasm, 1-2 layers of granulosa cells; class III - homogenous cytoplasm, no granular cells; class IV - heterogenous cytoplasm, independent of the granulosa cells. Oocytes class I, II and III were qualified for the culture. 363 ovarian follicles were aspirated, 183 (50.41%) oocytes were obtained. 56 were qualified as class I, 79 - class II, 31 - class III, 8 - class IV. 175 (95.36%) of the obtained oocytes were qualified for the culture, including: 35.52% in class I, 43.17% - class II, 16.94% - class III. 4.37% of the collected oocytes were disqualified for the culture. The proposed technique allows for the collecting oocytes of good quality that can be used for IMV/IVF techniques and cloning.
The first case of the left displacement of the abomasum was described in 1950 by Begg. Since then, the LDA has been diagnosed worldwide. It has been shown that there is a correlation between its increased occurrence and an increase in the intensity of cattle dairy production. The treatment methods include surgical ones, which are aimed at two objectives: reposition and fixation of the abomasum to the abdominal wall. The methods using the classic laparotomy include median abomasopexy, right-sided omentopexy and left-sided abomasopexy. A second group of surgical methods consists of procedures that are minimally invasive. These include percutaneous fixation, which requires positioning the patient on the back, and laparoscopic procedures performed by Janowicz and modified by Christiansen and later on by Newman. Recently, laparoscopic methods have become increasingly accessible and popular. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic treatment of the LDA, using equipment of the authors’ own design. The study involved the observation of 10 cows (aged between 24 and 90 months) treated surgically not later than 24 hours after the diagnosis. These animals were operated on with modified instruments. The modification presented here consisted in making a tube equipped with a trocar lock, which made it possible to reposition the abomasum non-traumatically and to fix it at the bottom of the abdomen. Signs of normal behaviour were observed, and all animals were eating and ruminating within 3-6 hours after surgery. The modification of the spieker proposed by the authors shortens laparoscopy and makes it safer by eliminating iatrogenic complications, such as accidental perforation of the bowels or diaphragm by the trocar edge.
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