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A study of development of newly planted shelterbelts and its impact on some ecological processes (plant biomass decomposition, insects diversity enrichment, corridor effect for mammals) were conducted in Turew agricultural landscape (West Poland). The aim and general background of study was described. Study area was characterized.
The paper presents a review of research on functioning of agricultural landscape, mainly on protection of ecosystem services, carried out by the Institute for Agricultural and Forest Environment, Polish Academy of Sciences in Turew in the period of 1970-2009. The paper concentrates on water balance and water pollution control and the protection of biodiversity in an agricultural landscape. The results of the researches show that the best way for maintenance ecosystem services is development of landscape complexity. Introduction of non-productive elements like shelterbelts, strips of meadows, small ponds allows for improvement of water balance, reduction of groundwater pollution even by 90% and enhancement of biodiversity.
The development of each town brings about the necessity to change the way of the иве of surrounding areas and the town centre area, the structure of which becomes burdensome and badlyfitting. Every now and again in the development of every town it becomes necessary to subdue this difficulty through an application of various actions setting in order and adjusting the way of area utilization to the function currently indispensable from the view­point of proper organization and function of a town. Such action sare usually referred to as land readjustment or land redevelopment. They include a set of rural land development steps, which may be successfully used in suburban areas (in transitional zone) having still some traits of agricultural nature.
Omówiono podstawy ekorozwoju oraz kształtowania i ochrony krajobrazu. Przedstawiono również wpływ prac urządzeniowo-rolnych na kształtowanie walorów ekologiczno-krajobrazowych obszarów wiejskich. Określono potrzeby zalesień i zadrzewień oraz zasady ich wprowadzania na dany obszar i projektowania zgodnie z zasadami ekologii i ekonomiki.
Protection of high biodiversity in an intensively farmed areas is strongly related to managing the diverse structure of a landscape, for example by planting shelterbelts. The study was aimed at recognition of avifauna dynamics in young (with the age of 1–4 years at the beginning of the study) shelterbelts (N=9) and at estimation of their importance for farmland birds. Bird density was estimated by mapping method in successive years 1996–2001 and the data were combined and analysed in respect to age of shelterbelts. Eighteen breeding species were found (5–8 pairs km⁻¹), among them most abundant were Corn Bunting (Miliaria calandra) (with dominance of 33%), Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava) (19%) and Whitethroat (Sylvia communis) (12%). No trend in the changes of species richness and total density was recorded. The density of species preferring building nests and/or feeding in herb layer (like Yellow Wagtail, Skylark Alauda arvensis and Whinchat Saxicola rubetra) decreased during study period while the density of species associated to higher layers of vegetation like Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella), Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) increased. According to earlier study, bird species richness and abundance in studied young shelterbelts were lower than in several dozens years old ones. However, in relation to species colonization both classes of shelterbelts (species building their nests on the ground or in low shrubs), young shelterbelts were as important as old ones.
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