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The studies were done on 50 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: 1 - controls, II - rats immobilized for 13 hr, III - animals immobilized after peritoneal infection with a pathogenic E. coli, IV - rats immobilized after the application of vitamin E (30 mg/kg bw) for six continous days, V - rats immobilized after the application of vitamin E and peritoneal injection of a pathogenic E. coli. Metabolic neutrophil activity (NBT-test) was determined spectrophotometrically in blood and the level of corticosterone was estimated in blood plasma by the radiocompetition method. It was found that an increase of corticosterone and decrease of metabolic neutrophil activity appeared in rats after immobilization (group II). However, a significant decrease of neutrophil activity and an inconsiderable increase of corticosterone were noted in group III and V. Immobilization of rats after the administration of witamin E did not affect the level of the examined parameters (group IV).
Adult chickens (1.4—1.8 kg of body weight) were immobilized for 5 hours for 3 consecutive days after the prior application of immunosuppresive doses of levamisole for 14 days and immunostimulative injections of TFX (extract from thymus); the drugs were given alone or together. The concentration of corticosterone lysozyme, globulins, the degree of blast transformation and metabolic activity of leukocytes (NBT) were evaluated. The studies did not reveal any correlation between the level of corticosterone and the indices of immunity. An increase of corticosterone and its decrease was found following immobilization and the use of TFX and levamisole respectively. However, immobilization, TFX and levamisole brought about the growth of metabolic activity of leukocytes and lymphocytes transformation. The level of lysozyme was reduced by immobilization and the administration of levamisole; its growth was noted following the application of levamisole with immobilization at the same time. The above treatment of the animals diminished the level of globulins in the blood. The results indicated to a diversity of immune response in chickens and the lack of any correlation between it and the suprarenal gland.
The level of adrenaline, noradrenaline and corticosterone in blood plasma of adult chickens immobilized by fastening of legs and wings was examined after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h since the beginning of immobilization. The level of adrenaline and corticosterone increased significantly after 3 and 6 h since the beginning of immobilization and then steadily decreased. The concentration of noradrenaline significantly lowered during the whole period of immobilization. It was also noted a slight increase of metabolic activity of blood neutrophils measured in the NBT. These results point to decrease of the suprarenal glands activity (adaptation) just after a few hours of stress.
Celem badań była ocena wpływu składu diety, w której pełne ziarna zbóż zamieniono na białą mąkę i sacharozę, i jej suplementacji składnikami mineralnymi, na stężenia kortykosteronu i wybrane wskaźniki gospodarki wodno-mineralnej u samców szczura. Analiza uzyskanych wyników pozwoliła na stwierdzenie, że zmiana składu diety spowodowała istotny spadek stężenia kortykosteronu w surowicy krwi badanych zwierząt, natomiast zastosowanie suplementacji takiej diety wybranymi składnikami mineralnymi, powodowało istotny wzrost stężenia kortykosteronu w porównaniu do grupy niesuplementowanej. Analiza uzyskanych wyników nie wykazała istotnego wpływu zmiany składu diety i zastosowanej suplementacji na ilości pobieranej wody i wydalanego moczu u badanych samców. Natomiast różnice pomiędzy ilością spożytych płynów a ilością wydalanego moczu były statystycznie istotne większe w grupie samców żywionych paszą zmodyfikowaną niesuplementowaną, w porównaniu do zwierząt z grupy żywionej paszą podstawową. Stwierdzono również istotny wpływ zastosowanej suplementacji na zawartość suchej masy w mięśniach badanych zwierząt.
Rats of Wistar strain at different inbred level: 0, 25, 37, 50 and 100% have been exposed to stress of 3 day starvation and 3h swimming. The control group have been subjected to ether anaestesia in order to collect blood samples. The effect of inbred level on the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-corticoadrenal axis have been studied. Corticotropin /ACTH/ and corticosterone /C/ concentrations in blood serum of female and male rats have been determined by RIA. Histological analysis of hypothalamic secretory nucleus, responsible for corticotropin releasing factor /CRF/ production, as well as fascicular layer of adrenal cortex responsible for glucocorticoid production has been made. It has been found that the potency of the hormones examined decreases with the increase of inbred level. The results prove sexual dimorphism in the rosponse of general adaptation syndrome. Females are less sensitive not only to the effort of rising homozygosity but also to stress.
The studies were performed on 36 broiler chickens in 3 experimental groups, 12 animals of each; group I — control, group II and III — chckens immobilized everyday for 5 h. Moreover in the IIIrd group at the day 15 of the experiment after 2 h immobilization chickens were dipped into a water bath (16°C) for 15 min. with 1 min. breaks after each 5 minutes. In blood obtained by decapitation the following parameters were determined: level of adrenaline, noradrenaline and corticosterone, metabolic activity of neutrophiles. It was found that immobilization induces in chickens a significant increase of blood adrenaline, noradrenaline and corticosterone level. A new type of the stressor used, water bathing, increased further significantly the level of the examined hormones. The used stressors did not affect metabolic activity of neutrophiles.
The aim of the study was to attempt an explanation of the physiopathological mechanism of decreased egg-laying and increased mortality in layers infested by mass red mite Dermanyssus gallinae invasions. The study was carried out on 20 cross-breed Lohman-Brown layers, divided into two groups: control (without parasites) and experimental (infested with red mite), taken from an industrial layer house which had been subjected to a mass invasion of the parasite. Birds were kept for 8 days under conditions eliminating chicken house stress factors except for the influence of red mite in the experimental group. Following this, they were slaughtered. Corticosterone levels, haematological indices (sedimentation rate, haematocrite, hemoglobin content, RBC, WBC, TBC, level of iron) and immunological indices (content of albumin and globulins a, b, g, and acute phase proteins ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, activity of lysozyme) were determined in the collected blood of the birds. The studies indicated a 2,5 fold increase in corticosterone levels and the tendency of a decrease in g-globulin in layers infested with red mite. It indicated the significance of stress mechanisms in decreasing the rate of egg laying and a higher mortality rate in chickens infested with Dermanyssus gallinae. The level of corticosterone may be a useful index for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms of red mites on layers.
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