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The paper contains the results of calculations of monthly and summer half-year (April-September) sums of indicatory evaporation (Eₒ) for 17 meteorological stations located in lowland Poland. The average values for different 20-year, 30-year, and the basic 40-year period (1951 - 1990) were compared. The extreme values (max and min) were found and standard deviations (σ) were calculated for the 1951 - 1990 period. The differences between 30-year and 40-year periods are insignificant, both in particular months and in the entire summer half-year. Thus, one can assume that for indicatory evaporation the 30-year observation period is sufficiently representative and reliable.
Aura
|
2006
|
nr 01
9-10
The concept of geographic information systems translates into computer hardware, software, geographical data and specialists using these components for data storing, updating, analysing, presenting and processing in meteorology and weather forecasting. The author deals with the practical applications of the systems.
Courses of meteorology and climatology have been included in the curriculum of the Department of Geography since 1918. The majoring in climatology became possible since the academic year 1951/52, when the Chair of Climatology was established at the Geographical Institute, belonging to the Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences. The first head of the Chair of Climatology was professor Romuald Gumiński (dead in 1952), the next ones professor Wincenty Okołowicz (1953-1974) and assistant professor Maria Stopa-Boryczka(since 1975). The climatological investigations have been realised in the NE Poland and in Warsaw. In the period 1951-1977 in climatological specialization of University of Warsaw 161 persons have graduated, 20 persons have obtained doctor's degree and 4 persons have qualified as assistant professor. In 1977 was established the first in Poland Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies and then Chair of Climatology was turned into Department of Climatology in the Institute of the Physical Geography Sciences.
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Multiyear changes in sunshine duration in Poland

88%
In the study the author made use of many years recorded series of sunshine duration data from 8 meteorological stations in Poland. The effect of the geographical position of Poland is such that out of approximately 8760 h of the year only 51 % (about 4500 h) fall in the daytime period, when the sun can be seen above the horizon and fonn the climatic conditions of our country. Sunshine duration, i. e. the duration of time when the sun radiation can reach the Earth surface directly, is between 921 h (Śnieżka, 1912) and 2227 h (Wrocław, 1921). Preliminary analysis indicates that changes in the annual totals have a declining tendency over many years, and at the same time the sunshine duration trend is strongly dependent on the level of atmospheric pollution.
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